人民健康已成为国家优先发展战略，以煤工尘肺为主的职业安全健康问题严重制约“健康中国”发展。从煤矿粉尘现状、基础研究、关键技术装备、政策标准等方面系统总结分析煤矿粉尘防控与职业安全健康面临挑战，在此基础上，提出煤矿粉尘防控与职业安全健康科学构想。该构想基于理工医多学科交叉融合，以大数据、云技术、人工智能和物联网等高新信息技术为支撑，创新“四位一体”科学研究方法，以煤矿无害作业、职业病精准治疗和职业安全健康智能预警等为核心，最终实现煤矿从业人员职业生命全周期职业安全健康。本文凝练了煤矿粉尘防控与职业安全健康6个主要关键科学问题，围绕煤矿粉尘产尘机理与高浓度粉尘分源高效防控理论、煤工尘肺多维度多层次生命信息流的发病机理、煤矿无尘化开采及粉尘精准防控技术与装备、煤工尘肺智能判识与精准诊疗技术装备、煤矿粉尘与职业安全健康智能预警等方面提出了5个主要研究方向。我国应加强理工医交叉融合协同创新与科研平台建设，深入开展基础研究工作，研发适合我国煤矿生产实际的成套技术与装备，重视示范工程建设和成果转化，加大政策支持力度和标准体系完善，构建煤矿粉尘防控及职业安全健康长效机制，实现煤矿无尘化作业和职业病少(零)发病，以煤矿职业安全健康助力健康中国发展。

Public health is prioritized in national development strategy of China. Pneumoconiosis,a major occu-pational safety and health challenge in coal workers,has significantly retarded the development of “healthy China”. In this pa- per,from the coal mine dust status,fundamental research,key technical equipment,policy standards and other aspects of the system,after summarizing and analyzing existing factors in coal mine dust prevention and control,as well as oc- cupational safety and health in China,a scientific concept of ensuring coal workers lifelong healthy is proposed to em- brace both the challenge and the opportunity. This concept is based on multidisciplinary application by combining science,engineering and medicine. It is supported by cutting edge informatics technologies,such as big data,cloud com- puting,artificial intelligence,as well as the Internet of Things. This concept develops and innovates a “ Four-in-One” scientific research method to solve several core issues including harmless coal mining operations,personalized and pre- cise occupational disease treatment,intelligent early warning alert system in occupational safety and health. It will ulti- mately ensure coal mine workers’ lifelong healthy. The research proposes six key scientific questions. Also,around the mechanism of coal mine dust production and efficient control theory of high concentration dust from separate sources, the pathogenesis of multi-dimensional and multi-level life information flow in coal mine workers’ pneumoconiosis,coal mine dust-free mining and precise dust control technology equipment,and coal mine workers’ pneumoconiosis intelli- gent diagnosis and precise treatment technology equipment,five main research directions for coal mine dust prevention and control are proposed. China should strengthen the collaborative innovation and scientific research platform con- struction with the mixture of medical,science,engineering,carry out fundamental research in depth,develop complete sets of technology and equipment suitable for coal mine production,value the construction of demonstration projects and transformation of achievements,strengthen policy support dynamics and improve the standards system,construct long-term mechanism of coal mine dust control and occupational safety,as well as occupational safety and health,and achieve the dust free operation and less (zero) incidence of occupational diseases in the future. The coal mine occupa- tional safety and health will contribute to the healthy China development.

1 煤矿粉尘防控与职业安全健康面临挑战

   1.1 致病粉尘浓度超标,煤工尘肺发病率居高不下

   1.2 基础研究薄弱,理工医交叉融合不足

   1.3 职业安全健康保障水平低,关键技术装备缺乏

   1.4 监管和服务能力不足,政策标准亟待完善

2 煤矿职业安全健康科学内涵

3 煤矿粉尘防控与职业安全健康关键科学问题

4 煤矿粉尘防控与职业安全健康主要研究方向

   4.1 煤矿粉尘产尘机理与高浓粉尘分源高效防控理论

   4.2 煤工尘肺多维度多层次生命信息流的发病机理

   4.3 煤矿无尘化开采及粉尘精准防控技术与装备

   4.4 煤工尘肺智能判识与精准诊疗技术装备

   4.5 煤矿粉尘与职业安全健康智能预警

5 展望