针对黄河流域煤矿区所处的战略地位，剖析了该流域生态环境面临的主要问题，认为水资源短缺是该流域中上游生态环境治理的瓶颈，现有技术与方法还不能支撑黄河流域煤矿开采与生态环境的协调发展，理论与技术的创新将成为新的关注热点。分析了国内外煤矿开采的岩层结构及采动裂隙演化规律、地下水资源保护、煤炭开采对水和生态环境影响的研究现状，提出了黄河流域煤矿区生态环境修复应结合煤层赋存特点和煤层开采工艺技术，对上覆岩层产生的裂隙发育特征与展布格局，裂隙与地表水和矿井水的导通与耦合关系，裂隙对地表生态发育与退化作用，生态环境修复关键技术与方法等进行了系统描述。提出黄河流域中上游煤矿区生态环境修复关键是水的保护与利用，要采用四维综合监测方法，揭示采矿全周期的地下水、表层水运移及地表生态环境演变规律。要针对黄河流域不同煤矿区开发过程对水土资源受损的影响程度与范围，研究并形成黄河流域煤矿生态环境修复关键技术，构建黄河流域煤炭开发的生态安全评价体系及调控模式。要改变传统认为煤炭开采只是对生态环境破坏的旧观念，充分利用煤炭开采过程对上覆岩层产生裂隙这一类似“松土”的作用动力，减缓干旱半干旱地区极易形成的次生盐碱化现象，积极将人工修复技术和生态自修复作用相结合，实现从被动防治到主动治理，使煤矿区生态环境修复成为黄河流域生态治理的典范，并为其他行业应用提供借鉴。最后提出黄河流域煤矿区生态环境修复今后工作重点与发展模式，来实现生态环境修复可持续发展。

The coal mining regions in the Yellow River basin have a crucial strategic position and there are many eco logical and environmental problems in the regions. The shortage of water resources is a key issue in the upper and mid dle Yellow River basin,and the existing technologies cannot support the coordinated development of coal mining and ecological environment. It urgently needs innovation in theory and technology for supporting the sustainable develop ment of coal industry in the regions. Based on the domestic and abroad researches on rock structure and mining-induced fracture evolution,groundwater protection and effects on water and ecological environment,the ecological resto ration should be combined with the characteristics of coal seam occurrence and mining technology in the special areas. To investigate the fractures develop and distribution of overlying strata and its relationship with surface conduction,the conduction and coupling between fractures and surface water and underground water were established. The authors also systematically studied the effects of fractures on the surface ecological degradation and development in coal mining subsidence,even the technical methods of environmental ecological restoration. The key to the environmental ecological restoration is the water resources protection and utilization in coal mine areas in the Yellow River basin. In this study, the four-dimensional comprehensive moni-toring method was used to reveal the movement of ground and surface water, and the characteristics surface eco-logical evolution. According to the degree and scope of soil and water resources damage caused by the different coal mining development,these researches could form the mechanism and key technol ogy for environmental ecological restoration, and construct the ecological security evaluation system and regulation mode. The traditional concept that coal mining only destroys the ecological environment needs to be changed. Fractures in overlying rocks have a similar action force of “soil loosed”,which can relieve the secondary salinization that is easy to form in the arid and semi-arid areas. Meanwhile,the combination of artificial remediation technology and ecological self-remediation could realize the change from passiveness to activeness. That could take the ecological environment restoration in the coal mining area as a model of the Yellow River basin,and provide a reference for other industrial applications. Overall,the paper puts forward the emphases and development mode of ecological environment restora tion,achieved the sustainable development of ecological environment restoration in the coal mining area of Yellow Riv er basin.