露天煤矿台阶边坡爆破振速的高程放大效应研究

Title

Study on elevation amplification effect of blasting vibration velocity of bench slope in surface mine
作者

张鹏刘宇周永利陈帅王志留缪伟张鹏姣
Author

ZHANG Peng ，LIU Yu ， ZHOU Yongli，CHEN Shuai，WANG Zhiliu ，MIAO Wei，ZHANG Pengjiao
单位

中国矿业大学（北京）力学与建筑工程学院神华准格尔能源有限责任公司
Organization

1.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing ,China;2. Shenhua Zhungeer Energy Co., Ltd., Ordos ,China
摘要

露天矿开采过程中，多以大药量抛掷爆破方式破碎岩石，爆破振动对露天矿边坡的安全构成威胁。针对露天矿台阶边坡受爆破振动影响以及爆破振动的高程放大效应问题，结合哈尔乌素露天矿北端帮工程实际，利用数值模拟方法和理论分析方法对高程放大效应进行了研究，并对FLAC^3D数值计算结果进行了验证；研究了在背波和迎波2种不同情况下台阶边坡内部、表面质点动力响应情况，最后分析了台阶边坡动力响应机理。
研究结果表明：露天矿台阶边坡在爆破振动影响下呈现出高程放大效应，台阶边坡表面和内部质点的峰值振动速度总体呈现随着距离的增加逐渐衰减的趋势；同一台阶质点的振速由边坡表面向内部递减，越靠近边坡表面，质点的振动速度越大；在背波情况下，高程放大效应最显著的在底部台阶，同一台阶质点的高程放大效应由边坡表面向内部减弱；在迎波情况下，高程放大效应最显著的则在顶部台阶，同一台阶质点的高程放大效应未呈现出明显的变化。
Abstract

In the process of open-pit mining, most of the rocks are broken by cast blasting and blasting vibration has a threat to the safety of the slope. Aiming at the stability of the bench slopes affected by blasting vibration, the dynamic response law of the bench slope under the two different conditions of back wave and head wave is studied by FLAC3D numerical calculation in combination with the practice of the north end slope project of Harwusu open pit mine. Finally, the dynamic response mechanism of bench slopes is analyzed.The results show that the bench slope of open-pit mine presents the elevation amplification effect under the influence of blasting vibration, and the peak vibration velocity of the surface and internal particles of the bench slope generally presents the trend of gradual attenuation with the increase of distance. The vibration velocity of particles in the same step decreases from the surface to the interior of the slope. The closer to the surface of the slope, the greater the vibration velocity of particles. In the case of back wave, the most significant elevation amplification effect is the bottom step, and the elevation amplification effect of particles in the same step weakens from the surface to the interior of the slope. In the case of wave front, the most significant elevation amplification effect is the top step, the same step of the particle elevation amplification effect does not show a significant trend of change.
关键词

高程放大效应振动波爆破振动数值模拟台阶边坡
KeyWords

elevation amplification effect;vibration wave; blasting vibration; numerical simulation;bench slope
基金项目(Foundation)

国家自然科学基金资助项目（51274209）
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