从近40 a来我国煤炭工业的发展进程，分析和总结了我国煤矿安全高效开采地质保障系统建设随着煤炭工业从炮采和普采向机械化开采的转变，经历了从煤田地质学发展到采矿工程地质学和矿井工程物探的发展过程，并逐步构建了煤矿安全高效矿井地质保障系统的基本框架。20世纪90年代中后期，随着煤矿采区高分辨三维地震勘探技术体系研究成果的建立和完善，使煤矿精细地质构造、煤与瓦斯突出、矿井突水通道等灾害隐患的探测精度和预测准确度大大提高，促进了我国煤矿安全高效矿井的迅速发展，煤矿安全高效矿井地质保障系统也走向成熟并在全国煤炭系统推广应用。笔者认为，虽然煤矿地质保障系统在保障开采安全、提高开采效率等方面取得了显著的成效，但随着信息技术的深度融合和煤矿机械化水平的进一步提高，煤炭绿色开采、智能精准开采等对煤矿安全高效开采地质保障系统提出了更高的要求，矿井地质透明化是当前煤矿安全高效矿井地质保障系统发展的努力方向。其重点任务是:① 在统一的数据融合基础上，进一步提高地球物理勘探精度，提高矿井地质的透明化水平，构建煤矿智能开采地质保障平台;② 研发与惯导技术一体的高分辨煤岩辨识仪器装备，实现对工作面前方5 m范围煤岩结构的自动化数据采集与精准识别;③ 以岩层结构为基础，以岩石力学和流体因子为重点，开发和建立智能矿山建设决策与灾害隐患预警系统。

This paper analyzes and summarizes the construction of geological assurance system for China’ s coal mine safety and efficient mining during the past 40 years. With the transformation of the coal industry from blast mining and conventional machine mining to mechanized mining,it has experienced the development from coal field geology to the development of mining engineering geology and mine engineering geophysical prospecting,and gradually constructed the basic framework of geological assurance system for coal mine safety and efficient mining. In the mid-to-late 1990s, with the establishment and improvement of the research results of high-resolution 3D seismic exploration technology in coal mining areas,the detection precision and prediction accuracy of coal mine fine geological structure,coal and gas outburst,mine water inrush channel and other hazards are greatly improved,which promote the rapid development of coal mine safety and efficient mines in China,and the geological assurance system for coal mine safety and efficient mining has also matured and is popularized and applied in the coal industry in China. Although the coal mine geolog- ical assurance system has achieved significant results in ensuring mining safety and improving mining efficiency,with the deep integration of information technology and the further improvement of the mechanization level of coal mines, the green coal mining,intelligent and precise mining,etc. have put forward higher requirements to geological assurance system for the coal mine safety and efficient mining. It is believed that mine geological transparency is the current de- velopment direction of geological assurance system for coal mine safety and efficient mining. The current key tasks are as follows:① on the basis of unified data fusion,further improving the exploration accuracy and the transparency of mine geology,and building a coal mine intelligent mining geological support platform;② developing high-resolution coal and rock identification equipment integrated with inertial navigation technology to achieve accurate identification of coal and rock structures within 5 meters in front of the working face;③ based on the rock layer structure,focusing on rock mechanics and fluid factors,developing and establishing an intelligent mine construction decision-making and disaster hidden danger forecasting system.