基于国家绿色工业和循环经济发展的要求，从煤炭工业绿色开采的科学内涵与技术体系出发，阐明了煤炭开采后形成的采空区是造成岩层移动变形、矿区地表沉陷、水土流失、矸石堆排、土地压占等生态环境问题的根源，指明了矿山采空区充填是有效保护矿区生态环境的根本途径。综述了矿山充填发展主要历程及我国煤矿绿色充填开采的主要类型，重点介绍了膏体充填、矸石固体充填、超高水充填及覆岩离层分区隔离注浆充填4种充填开采方法的技术原理、工艺流程及技术特点，并分别介绍了相应的研究现状与应用成果。重点从充填设备特点、充填工序特征、材料来源、膏体输送特性及稳定性、精准控制及标准化建设等9个方面明确了煤矿绿色充填开采当前面临的主要问题与挑战。指出了实现煤矿绿色充填开采需要从大采高充填岩层控制理论研究、生态脆弱区充填技术、智能化充填工艺、充填物料的精准输送及充填政策保障5个方面进行重点研究，从创新开发新型充填材料、关键充填装备的研发、构建智能化充填新工艺、标准化体系建设与政策扶持及研发矸石高效充填处理技术5个方面进行关键突破，并对煤矿绿色充填开采技术的发展与应用前景进行了展望。

Based on the requirements of the national green industry and the development of circular economy,starting from the scientific connotation and technical system of green mining in the coal industry,it is clarified that the gob formed after coal mining is the source of ecological and environmental problems such as surface subsidence,soil erosion,gangue dumping and land occupation in mining areas that cause rock formations to move and deform and it is pointed out that the gob filling is the fundamental way to effectively protect the mining area's ecological environment.The main development history of mine filling and the main types of green filling mining in China’s coal mines are reviewed,and the principles of four types of filling mining techologies are introduced,including paste filling,gangue solid filling,ultra-high water filling and overlying strata separation zone isolation grouting filling.The filling process and technical characteristics and the corresponding research status and application results are respectively introduced,focusing on 9 aspects including filling equipment characteristics,filling process characteristics,material sources,paste delivery characteristics and stability,precise control and standardization construction.It also clarified the the main problems and challenges currently faced by coal mine green filling mining,and it is pointed out that the realization of coal mine green filling and mining requires key scientific and technological research and innovative development of new types from five aspects:theoretical research on high-cutting height filling rock formation,filling technology in ecologically fragile areas,intelligent filling technology,precise transportation of filling materials and filling policy guarantees.Key breakthroughs have been made in 5 aspects including the research and development of filling materials,key filling equipment,the construction of new intelligent filling technology,the construction of standardization systems and policy support,and the research and development of efficient waste filling treatment technology,and also prospects for the development and application of coal mine green filling mining technology.