针对全断面竖井掘进机凿井过程中软弱或破碎围岩失稳坍塌、高硬度岩石难破碎、地层涌水、地层节理构造等一系列地层复杂性带来的工程难题，开展了适用全断面竖井掘进机凿井的围岩分类指标体系与评价方法研究，考虑了全断面竖井掘进机凿井“岩”与“机”互馈作用下各因素的独立性和相关性，构建了围岩分类指标体系与评价方法，提出了全断面竖井掘进机凿井地层适应性综合判识方法。首先基于全断面竖井掘进机凿井工艺特征，分析了竖井掘进机凿井面临的地质难题以及防控措施，围绕竖井掘进机凿井“岩-机”相互作用下围岩岩石力学特性、装备破岩能力、岩体构造特征、围岩与装备相互支撑、地层防治水等多因素的影响，提出了围岩分类指标选取原则，构建了岩石可切割性、围岩自稳性、地层控水性3个准则层指标，以及所属13个基础评价指标组成的评价指标体系框架；确定了围岩分类指标体系权重值，并采用模糊综合评价和百分制方法量化基础指标，构建了多维矩阵结构围岩分类评价数学模型，经计算和分析将岩石可切割性、围岩自稳性、地层控水性划分为有利、一般有利、适中、不利和很不利5类，进而根据计算结果将竖井掘进机凿井围岩条件分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ类，评判了全断面竖井掘进机凿井与地层之间的适应性，提出了竖井掘进机凿井围岩控制措施；以我国首台套导井式全断面竖井掘进机凿井工程为例，验证了围岩分类指标体系与评价方法的可行性和合理性。全断面竖井掘进机凿井围岩分类指标体系与评价方法对破岩掘进、灾害防控、围岩稳定控制等技术方案的制定和实施提供了科学依据。

In view of the instability and collapse of weak or broken surrounding rock, hard rock is difficult to break, formation water gushing, fault joints and other engineering problems caused by the complexity of formation. The classification index system and evaluation method of surrounding rock were studied. The independence and correlation of each factor under the interaction of “rock” and “machine” are considered. The classification index system and evaluation method of surrounding rock are established. A comprehensive identification method of stratum adaptability for borehole sinking by for full section shaft boring machine is proposed. First, based on the characteristics of full section shaft boring machine sinking technology, analysis of the formation problems faced by the shaft boring machine sinking and prevention and control measures. Based on the influence of rock mechanics characteristics of surrounding rock, rock breaking ability of equipment, rock structure characteristics, mutual support of surrounding rock and equipment, and water prevention and control of stratum under the interaction of rock-machine, the selection principle of surrounding rock classification index is put forward. Three criteria, namely, rock cuttability, surrounding rock self-stability and water control, are constructed, as well as 13 basic evaluation index system frames. The weight value of surrounding rock classification index system is determined, and the basic index is quantified by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and percentage system. The mathematical model of multi-dimensional matrix structure surrounding rock classification and evaluation is established. According to the calculation and analysis, the influence of rock cutting ability, surrounding rock self-stability and stratum water-controlling ability on the shaft drilling machine can be divided into 5 categories: favorable, generally favorable, moderate, unfavorable and very unfavorable. According to the calculation results, the surrounding rock conditions of the shaft excavation machine can be divided into Ⅰ-Ⅴ categories. The adaptability between drilling and formation adaptability of full-section vertical shaft boring machine is evaluated. The control measures of surrounding rock for full section shaft boring machine are put forward. The feasibility and rationality of surrounding rock classification index system and evaluation method are verified by taking the sinking project of the first full-section vertical shaft boring machine with guide shaft in China as an example. The classification index system and evaluation method of surrounding rock of full-section vertical shaft boring machine can provide scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of technical schemes of rock breaking tunneling, disaster prevention and control, surrounding rock stability control and so on.

0 引言

1 全断面竖井掘进机凿井及面临的地质难题

   1.1 全断面竖井掘进机凿井关键技术与工艺

   1.2 面临的地质难题与控制措施

2 全断面竖井掘进机凿井围岩分类指标体系

   2.1 围岩分类指标体系构建的基本原则

   2.2 评价指标体系的基本框架

   2.3 围岩分类综合评价与计算方法

3 围岩分类指标方法验证

4 结论