随着抽水蓄能电站装机容量增加，输水系统发电水头高度增加，长距离、大倾角和大直径压力管道斜井工程成为必然需求，然而，其施工难度大、风险高，成为制约抽水蓄能电站建设的关键技术问题之一。通过梳理目前抽水蓄能电站压力管道开挖方法，分析得出采用爬罐法开挖时，具有工作面通风条件差、人员职业伤害大、辅助作业时间长等缺点;而采用反井法钻进施工时，形成的压力管道直径较小，且反井钻进过程中无法对破碎地层进行有效的初期支护等缺点。鉴于此，以国家“ 十二五”“863 计划”项目研制的竖井掘进机为基础，通过设备改造、技术研究和工艺论证等一系列研究，并综合分析在现有专用定向钻机、反井钻机钻进技术和装备的基础上，提出了以定向钻机+反井钻机+井筒掘进机为基础装备的抽水蓄能电站压力管道斜井全断面机械钻进工艺，其简要工艺流程为：①采用定向导孔钻进技术钻进反井钻井超前导孔，钻孔偏斜率可控制在0.3% ～0.5%，并采用反井钻机扩大导孔;②采用反井钻机进行扩孔钻进，形成2.0～2.5 m 的导井;③采用竖井掘进机进行二次扩挖，并利用导井作为向下排渣通道。此项“三机分步”施工的技术与工艺，能够满足倾角为50° ～90°、长度小于800 m、最大直径达5.8 m 压力管道斜井的建设需求。机械破岩方式减少了对斜井围岩的扰动破坏，有利于保障围岩的稳定性，能够实现大倾角、长距离和大直径斜井高效机械破岩钻进成井，推动建井技术与装备的机械化、无人化、智能化的发展。

With the increase of the installed capacity of pumped storage power stations, the height of the water head for power generation of the water delivery system will increase, which will inevitably require long-distance, large inclination and large-diameter pressure pipeline inclined shaft projects.However, its construction is difficult and risky, and it has become one of the key issues restricting the construction of pumped storage power stations.By sorting out the existing methods of pressure pipeline excavation for pumped storage power stations, the excavation by climbing tank method has disadvantages such as poor ventilation conditions on the surface, large personnel damage and long auxiliary working time.However, when the reverse well method is used for the expansion and drilling construction, the diameter of the pressure pipeline formed is small, and the initial formation of the broken formation cannot be effectively supported during the reverse well drilling process.In view of this, based on the shaft boring machines developed by the national“Twelfth Five-Year Plan”and“863 planning”projects, a series of studies have been carried out through equipment modification, technical research and process demonstration.Based on comprehensive analysis of the existing special directional drilling rigs and reverse drilling rig drilling technologies and equipment,a full-section mechanical drilling process for inclined shafts in the pressure pipelines of pumped storage power stations based on directional drilling rigs, reverse boring rigs, and well-boring machines is proposed.The brief process flow is as follows:① The guide hole is drilled with the technology of fixed guide hole drilling. The deviation rate of the hole can be controlled between 0.3% and 0.5%. ② The first expansion was carried out using a reverse drilling rig, and the pilot hole was used as the lower slag discharge channel to form a 2.0~2.5 m guide shaft. ③ The second expansion is carried out by using a shaft boring machine, and the guide shaft is used as the lower slag discharge channel.This “three-machine step-by-step”construction process can meet the construction requirements of inclined shafts with an inclination angle of 50°～90°, a length of less than 800 m, and the maximum diameter of 5.8 m. The mechanical rock breaking method reduces the disturbance and damage to the surrounding rock of the inclined shaft, which is beneficial to guarantee the stability of the surrounding rock, and can realize the efficient mechanical rock drilling of large inclined, long distance and large diameter inclined shafts.To promote the mechanized, unmanned, and intelligent development of well construction technology and equipment.