燃煤机组耦合生物质发电具有改造成本低、调峰灵活、运行安全等特点，是双碳形式下火电机组减少碳排放，提高可再生能源发电比例的有效途径。目前，我国燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术的应用非常有限。为进一步发挥生物质这种清洁零碳的可再生能源在我国新型电力系统中的作用，同时利用燃煤机组灵活可调度的优势，详细调研了我国生物质资源现状、燃煤机组和生物质的耦合方式、国内外典型燃煤机组耦合生物质发电项目的运行情况。指出我国生物质尤其是农林废弃物存在较大资源浪费，燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术在国外尤其是欧洲国家已得到大规模应用，国内目前尚未应用于大型机组。梳理出燃煤机组直燃耦合生物质发电技术目前面临的挑战，包括稳定低成本的生物质原料供应和加工流程尚未形成、高比例掺烧缺乏成熟技术、受热面沾污腐蚀问题亟待解决、掺烧时生物质发电量的计量尚未形成标准等。为提高大型燃煤机组灵活性与降低CO2排放，未来需在以下几方面做出努力；通过在电厂周边或边际土地上种植某些能源作物保证生物质原料的相对单一性和稳定性，避免原料性质变化太大对机组运行的影响；发展高比例生物质耦合发电技术，保证煤与生物质掺混比例灵活可调；探索更先进的生物质发电计量方式，以此确定生物质掺烧合理的补贴及运营方式，加快形成具有竞争力的、可复制、可传播的生物质发电循环经济链；按照掺烧比例由低到高开展工程示范项目，并探索生物质能结合碳捕集与封存技术在火力发电厂中的应用，逐步将火电机组从原料减碳过渡到原料脱碳直至烟气脱碳。

Biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants has the advantages of low conversion cost,flexible peak shaving,and safe operation. It is an effective way for the power plant to reduce CO2 emissions and increase the proportion of renewable energy in power generation under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. At present,the application of biomass co-firing in coal-fired units for power generation in China is still very limited. To further play the role of biomass,a clean and zero-carbon renewable energy,in the new power system,and at the same time take advantage of the flexible coal-fired units,the current status of biomass resources in China,the co-firing options of biomass with coal for coal-fired boilers,and the operation of typical co-firing projects at home and abroad were investigated in detail. It is pointed out that there is a large waste of resources,especially in agriculture and forestry. Biomass co-firing technology in coal-fired units has been widely used abroad,especially in European countries,but has not been applied to large units in China. Some challenges faced by the direct combustion coupled biomass power generation technology of coal-fired units were summarized,including the stable and low-cost biomass raw material supply and process have not yet been formed,mature technology for high-proportion co-firing has not yet been developed,contamination and corrosion on heating surfaces need to be solved urgently,the measurement standards about biomass power generation in co-firing have not yet formed a standard. To improve the flexibility of large-scale coal-fired power plants and reduce CO2 emissions,efforts should be made in the following aspects in the future. By planting energy crops around power plants and on the marginal land,the relative unity and stability of biomass raw materials can be ensured,to avoid the influence of large changes in the properties of raw materials on the operation of the unit. It is necessary to develop high-proportion biomass co-firing technology to ensure that the blending ratio can be adjusted flexibly. Moreover,it is important to explore more advanced biomass power generation measurement methods,which will help determine reasonable subsidies and operation methods for biomass blending and accelerate the formation of a competitive,replicable and disseminated biomass power generation circular economy chain. Then,the demonstration projects according to the proportion of mixed combustion from low to high and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage technology can be carried out to gradually transition thermal power units from raw material carbon reduction to raw material decarbonization to flue gas decarbonization.

0 引言

1 我国生物质资源类型及特点

2 耦合方式及其对机组的影响

   2.1 燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术

   2.2 燃煤电厂耦合生物质对机组的影响

3 燃煤耦合生物质发电在国内外发电机组中的应用

   3.1 国外典型生物质耦合发电机组应用情况

   3.2 国内典型燃煤耦合农林生物质发电应用情况

4 生物质直燃耦合的挑战

   4.1 政策及运营管理挑战

   4.2 高比例掺混的技术挑战

5 结语与展望