针对我国煤矿冲击地压的防治现状，对煤矿冲击地压防治体系中的几个关键问题进行了探讨，得到以下主要结论：从灾害控制的角度界定了冲击地压与矿震及其相互关系，通过主导力源与煤层-围岩结构的分类组合，提出了32类冲击地压和5类矿震的分类，明确了冲击地压以消除灾害为治理目标，而矿震则需要根据致灾程度分级治理；提出并量化了基础应力影响指数、附加应力影响指数、冲击倾向性影响指数和支护强度影响指数4项冲击危险性评价指标，设计了包含应力条件、冲击倾向性条件和支护条件的冲击危险性多参量耦合评价方法；探讨了震动场、应力场和位移场3级冲击危险监测预警机理，提出了单参量特殊预警与多参量常规预警相结合的预警机制，设计了掘进影响区、回采影响区和不受采掘影响区的分区联合监测方法；根据多元评价指标中降低各因素冲击危险性的要求，提出了“低应力”“低扰动”“低倾向”“强支护”的冲击地压防治路线，设计了基于应力和围岩结构分类的局部卸压和解危措施的组合技术；针对矿震诱发井下冲击地压和地面震动损害的动力灾害，将此类灾害的治理等级划分为预防治理、对症治理和源头治理3级，设计了源头减震、分类治灾、卸压抗震的多级防控技术体系。

According to the present situation of prevention and control of coal mine rock burst in China, several key problems in the prevention and control system of coal mine rock burst are discussed, and the following main conclusions are obtained: from the perspective of disaster control, rock burst and mine earthquake and their relationship are defined, and 32 types of rock burst and 5 types of mine earthquake are put forward through the classification and combination of main force source and coal seam-surrounding rock structure, and it is clear that the goal of rock burst is to eliminate disasters, while mine earthquake needs to be treated according to the degree of disaster; Four impact risk evaluation indexes, namely, foundation stress impact index, additional stress impact index, impact tendency impact index and support strength impact index, are quantified, and a multi-parameter coupling evaluation method of impact risk including stress condition, impact tendency condition and support condition is designed. This paper probes into the monitoring and early warning mechanism of threelevel impact hazards in vibration field, stress field and displacement field, puts forward an early warning mechanism combining singleparameter special warning with multi-parameter conventional warning, and designs a joint monitoring method for the excavation-affected area, mining-affected area and non-excavation-affected area. According to the requirements of reducing the impact risk of various factors in multiple evaluation indexes, the prevention and control routes of rock burst with low stress, low disturbance, low inclination and strong support are put forward, and the combination technology of local pressure relief and risk relief measures based on stress and surrounding rock structure classification is designed. In view of the dynamic disasters caused by underground rock burst and ground vibration caused by mine earthquake, the governance levels of such disasters are divided into three levels: prevention and control, symptomatic control and source control, and a multi-level prevention and control technology system of source shock absorption, classified disaster treatment, pressure relief and earthquake resistance is designed.

0 引言
1 关于冲击地压与矿震的界定问题
1.1 冲击地压与矿震的界定与分类
1.2 冲击地压与矿震的治理目标
2 关于冲击危险性评价问题
2.1 冲击危险性多元分级评价指标
2.2 冲击危险性多参量耦合评价方法
3 关于冲击地压预警问题
3.1 冲击危险性预警机理
3.2 多参量分类分区预警方法
4 关于解危措施的有效性问题
4.1 基于多元评价指标的卸压解危思路
4.2 卸压解危技术及优选
5 关于矿震治理问题
5.1 矿震诱发型动力灾害评价标准
5.2 矿震诱发型动力灾害防控体系
6 结论