我国一些矿区面临着高耸构筑物下压煤技术难题。矿区高耸构筑物具有高度大、横断面小、重心高、支撑基础底面积小等特点，作为一种特殊的构筑物，其对地下开采引起的地表移动变形较敏感。在分析了高耸构筑物自身特性及其采动变形特征基础上，从采动变形理论、数值模拟、变形监测技术、保护技术等4个方面总结分析了高耸构筑物采动损害与保护技术的研究发展历程，包括高耸构筑物与地基、基础协同变形理论、工作面开采对高耸构筑物变形影响数值（物理）模拟分析、实时高效精准监测技术、地基精准注浆加固技术、基础抗变形改造技术、高耸构筑物动态调斜技术、源头减损技术等；并展望了高耸构筑物采动损害与保护技术的4个发展方向：地表移动变形多指标作用下高耸构筑物采动变形规律，采动地表沉陷规律与高耸构筑物变形传导机理，高耸构筑物实时高效精准变形监测技术，高耸构筑物精准保护技术，以便形成地表高耸构筑物“变形小-监测精-保护准”的综合理论与技术体系，为高耸构筑物下安全高效采煤提供理论和技术支撑。

Some mining areas in China are facing with technical problems about coal mining under high-rise structures. The high-rise structure in the mining area is characterized by large height, small cross-section area, high center of gravity, small bottom area of supporting foundation, etc. It is a kind of special structure and is sensitive to the surface movement and deformation caused by underground mining. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of high-rise structures and their mining deformation characteristics, this paper summarizes and analyzes the research and development process of mining damage and protection technology of high-rise structures based on four aspects: mining deformation theory, numerical simulation, deformation monitoring technology, and protection technology, including the theory of cooperative deformation of high-rise structures and foundations, numerical (physical) simulation analysis of the impact of mining on the deformation of high-rise structures, real time, efficient and accurate monitoring technology, precise grouting and reinforcement technology for foundations, anti-deformation transformation technology for foundation, dynamic inclination adjustment technology for high-rise structures, reducing surface subsidence from the source, etc; The four development directions of mining damage and protection technology for high-rise structures are prospected: mining deformation characteristics of high-rise structures under the action of multiple indicators of surface movement and deformation, transmission mechanism from mining subsidence to deformation of high-rise structures, real-time and efficient accurate deformation monitoring technology for high-rise structures, and accurate protection technology for high-rise structures.

0 引言
1 开采沉陷对高耸构筑物的影响特征
2 高耸构筑物采动变形理论与数值模拟
2.1 高耸构筑物与地基、基础协同变形理论
2.2 高耸构筑物采动变形特征数值模拟
2.2.1 给定地表移动变形对高耸构筑物影响模拟分析
2.2.2 工作面开采中对高耸构筑物变形影响模拟分析
3 高耸构筑物采动变形监测技术
3.1 常规监测技术
3.2 三维激光扫描技术
3.3 实时监测技术
4 采动影响下高耸构筑物保护技术
4.1 地基精准注浆加固技术
4.2 基础抗变形改造技术
4.3 高耸构筑物动态调斜技术
4.4 源头减损技术
5 结语