由于可再生能源迅速发展对火电机组深度调峰提出更高要求，机组变负荷调节性能成为影响火电厂经济效益的重要因素之一。基于快速变负荷方法发展历程，系统综述了目前较成熟且已广泛应用于现场的各种蒸汽工质侧快速变负荷方法，包括凝结水节流技术、给水旁路调节技术、供热抽汽调节技术、回热抽汽调节技术、背压调节技术、先行能量平衡策略（AEB）技术等，详细介绍了各方法原理，总结发展现状，对比分析适用范围、变负荷性能及其在应用中的优缺点。发现目前凝结水节流技术和供热抽汽调节技术研究应用相对较多，且对于机组变负荷初期响应负荷变化指令及提高变负荷能力有显著作用；煤粉炉的变负荷速率相比循环流化床锅炉研究更成熟且变负荷速率普遍较高。最后对火电机组未来快速变负荷速率提升发展趋势进行展望，提出在继续发展现有快速变负荷方法的基础上，设计应用融合各种调节方法与传统协调控制的新型协调控制策略，对储能技术与火电机组耦合的应用以及寻找在现有机组基础上调峰范围更广、经济性更强的手段都将进一步提高火电机组的爬坡速度，降低最小稳定出力，增加电厂调峰调频能力。

As the rapid development of renewable energy puts forward higher requirements for deep peak regulation of thermal power units,the variable load regulation performance of thermal power units has become one of the important factors affecting the economic benefits of thermal power plants. Based on the review of the development of rapid variable load methods,various fast variable load methods on the working medium side were systematically summarized,including condensate throttling technology,feed water bypass regulation technology,heating extraction regulation technology,regenerative steam extraction regulation technology,back pressure regulation technology,advance energy balance strategy (AEB) technology,etc.,and the principles of these methods were introduced in detail. The development status of each method was summarized,and the applicable scope,variable load performance,advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed and compared. It is found that at present,condensate throttling technology and heating extraction steam regulation technology are relatively studied and applied,and play an obvious role in responding to load change instructions and improving variable load capacity at the initial stage of variable load. The research on variable load rate of pulverized coal fired boiler is more mature than that of circulating fluidized bed boiler,and the variable load rate is generally higher. Finally, the development trend of rapid load change rate promotion of thermal power units in the future was put forward,and on the basis of continuing to develop the existing fast load change methods,a new coordinated control strategy was designed and applied,which combined various regulation methods with traditional coordinated control. The application of the coupling of energy storage technology and thermal power units and the search for a wider range of peak regulation and more economical means on the basis of existing units will further improve the climbing speed of thermal power units,reduce the minimum stable output and increase the peak regulation and frequency regulation capacity of the power plant.

0 引言

1 快速变负荷方法研究进展

   1.1 凝结水节流调节

   1.2 给水旁路调节

   1.3 回热抽汽调节

   1.4 背压调节

   1.5 供热抽汽调节

   1.6 先行能量平衡策略（AEB）

2 快速变负荷方法比较

3 结语及展望