School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology
Research Center of Intelligent Mining, China University of Mining and Technology

智能感知是煤矿智能化开采的首要环节，为智能决策与智能控制提供数据支持。光纤传感技术因精度高、抗干扰能力和环境耐受能力强、组网复用方式灵活多样等优势，为煤矿开采智能感知提供了解决方案。在研究光纤传感技术原理基础上，构建了光纤光栅−基材感知信息传递模型，提出了表面粘贴式、刻槽填埋式、表面粘贴基片式光纤光栅封装技术，并进行光谱重构与温度补偿研究，以保障高精度数据感知；开发了高精度光纤光栅钻孔应力传感器、锚杆应力传感器、锚杆测力传感器、顶板离层传感器、温度传感器等开采环境智能感知传感器，光纤光栅支架倾角传感器、支架压力传感器、曲率传感器等采煤工作面装备姿态感知传感器，以及光纤光栅传感器标定工作台，为智能化采煤工作面建设提供了基于光纤传感技术的智能感知设备；整合多种光纤光栅传感器，构建了煤矿开采环境与工作面装备姿态多参量光纤光栅智能感知体系，解决了煤矿开采过程感知数据多源异构容量大、感知设备不易复用、组网难等问题；开发了煤矿开采环境安全预警与装备姿态决策系统软件，形成集“光纤光栅智能感知−动态响应−前兆预警−安全决策”于一体的煤矿开采安全决策体系；分析指出研发多场景适用的特殊材质光纤产品、适应煤矿开采需求的封装技术、兼顾精度与成本的解调仪硬件，将有助于推动光纤传感技术在煤矿智能化开采信息感知方面的应用。

Intelligent perception is the primary link in intelligent coal mining, providing data support for intelligent decision-making and control. Fiber optic sensing technology provides a solution for intelligent perception in coal mining due to its advantages such as high precision, strong anti-interference capability and environmental tolerance, and flexible and diverse network reuse methods. On the basis of studying the principle of optical fiber sensing technology, the sensing information transmission model between fiber grating and the substrate is constructed. The fiber grating packaging technologies of surface pasted type, grooved landfill type, and surface pasted substrate type are proposed. The spectral reconstruction and temperature compensation are studied to ensure high-precision data perception. The high-precision fiber grating borehole stress sensor, bolt stress sensor, bolt force sensor, roof separation sensor, temperature sensor and other intelligent sensing sensors for mining environment are developed. The fiber grating support tilt sensor, support pressure sensor, curvature sensor and other posture sensing sensors for coal mining working face equipment are also developed as well as fiber grating sensor calibration workbench. They are intelligent sensing equipment based on fiber optic sensing technology for the construction of intelligent coal mining faces. Multiple fiber grating sensors are integrated to construct an intelligent multi-parameter perception system based on fiber grating for coal mining environment and working face equipment posture. It solves problems such as the large capacity of multiple sources and heterogeneity of sensing data, difficulty in reusing sensing equipment, and difficulty in networking during coal mining process. A coal mining environmental safety warning and equipment posture decision-making system software is developed. It forms a coal mining safety decision-making system that integrates intelligent "fiber grating perception - dynamic response - precursor warning - safety decision-making". The analysis points out that the development of special material fiber optic products suitable for multiple scenarios, packaging technology suitable for coal mining needs, and demodulation instrument hardware that balances precision and cost will help to promote the application of fiber optic sensing technology in information perception in intelligent coal mining.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（51874276，52004273，52104167）；江苏省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目（BK20200639）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（2020ZDPY0209）；中国矿业大学研究生创新计划项目（2023WLKXJ016）。

0 引言
1 光纤传感理论
1.1 理论基础
1.2 感知信息传感原理
1.3 光谱重构与温度补偿
2 光纤光栅传感器开发
2.1 井下开采环境智能感知传感器
2.2 采煤工作面装备姿态感知传感器
2.3 矿用光纤光栅传感器标定工作台
3 光纤光栅智能感知体系
3.1 煤矿开采环境信息智能感知系统
3.2 工作面装备姿态智能感知系统
3.3 多参量准分布式光纤光栅智能感知系统
4 感知信息融合与安全决策
5 煤矿开采光纤传感技术存在的问题
6 结论

方新秋，冯豪天，梁敏富，等. 煤矿智能化开采光纤传感关键技术体系[J]. 工矿自动化，2023，49(6)：78-87.

FANG Xinqiu, FENG Haotian, LIANG Minfu, et al. Key technology system of fiber optic sensing for intelligent coal mining[J]. Journal of Mine Automation，2023，49(6)：78-87.