随着碳达峰碳中和战略的深入实施,围绕保障能源安全和实现碳中和目标,煤炭企业等化石能源企业积极优化调整产业结构,推动产业多元化发展。基于多元化战略理论和国内外化石能源企业产业多元化实践,构建了“市场、技术、政策、资源”多元化驱动力理论框架,探究了新发展阶段逐步压缩的煤炭市场、快速迭代的数字技术和对绿色低碳技术、战略性新兴产业和未来产业的支持性政策以及煤炭企业内部资源高效利用对企业产业多元化发展的影响。煤炭企业可以通过市场驱动下的产业内相关多元化、能力驱动下产业内和产业间相关多元化、政策驱动下产业间相关多元化等3种模式推动多元化。企业不仅要考虑多元化带来的好处,还需把握好多元化的时机、节奏和力度,关注风险和挑战,以提高多元化经营绩效。

With the in-depth implementation of carbon neutrality strategy, focusing on energy security and carbon neutrality, fossil energy enterprises actively optimize and upgrade the industrial structure and promote the industrial diversification.Based on the theory of diversification strategy and the industrial diversification practice of domestic and foreign fossil energy enterprises, the theoretical framework of diversification driving force “market, technology, policy and resources” is constructed. This paper explores the impact of the gradually compressed coal market, the rapidly iterated digital technology and green low - carbon technology, the supportive policies of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and the efficient use of internal resources in coal enterprises on the diversified development of coal enterprises. Coal enterprises can promote diversification through three modes: market-driven intra-industry diversification, capability -driven intra - industry and inter - industry diversification, policy - driven inter - industry diversification.When promoting industrial diversification, enterprises should not only consider the benefits , but also pay attention to the risks and challenges, and grasp the timing, rhythm and intensity of diversification to improve the performance of diversified operations.