College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology
Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology

富油煤是集煤、油、气属性于一身的煤基油气资源，针对国内“相对富煤、缺油、少气”的能源禀赋，开发富油煤对缓解我国紧张的油气资源供应局势、实现煤炭的绿色开发和低碳利用具有重要的意义。以富油煤为主要关键词，通过CNKI和Web of Science数据库检索自1985—2023年底已公开发表的学术论文和专利，统计分析富油煤的发展历程和主要研究内容，梳理了富油煤研究的热点方向与前沿领域，展望了未来发展趋势。研究发现：富油煤热解、赋存特征及沉积环境、孔隙和分子结构、焦油产率预测、微生物降解、资源潜力及开发利用是当前富油煤研究热点内容。富油煤含有热解可生成油气的富氢结构，如脂肪结构的侧链与桥键及缩合芳香核周缘的弱键结构；富油煤多形成于陆相沉积物供应稳定、气候温暖湿润、强还原条件下的沉积环境；孔隙结构影响富油煤的热解反应效率、焦油析出和油气运移，而分子结构(主要为脂肪族氢含量和富氢弱键)决定了富油煤的生油潜力；富油煤通过微生物的水解、发酵、产氢产乙酸和产甲烷4个阶段向油气转化。随着地质选区技术瓶颈突破及多学科交叉与融合，富油煤富油性评价指标与预测方法、富氢组分的来源与定量判识、原位开发围岩封闭性及其评价方法、微生物降解与热解联作技术将成为今后研究的热点方向。研究成果为厘清当前富油煤的研究方向和未来走势奠定了基础。

Tar-rich coals are a coal-based oil and gas resource that integrates the properties of coal, oil, and gas. Given China's energy endowment of abundant coal resources but limited oil and gas reserves, exploiting tar-rich coals plays a significant role in alleviating China's tight supply of oil and gas resources and achieving green development and low-carbon utilization of coals. Using tar-rich coals as the keyword, we searched the CNKI and Web of Science databases for academic articles and patents published from 1985 to the end of 2023. Based on the search results, we statistically analyzed the process and main aspects of research on tar-rich coals, sorting out the academic interests and frontier fields and forecasting future trends. Findings reveal that the current academic interests in research on tar-rich coals focus on their pyrolysis, occurrence characteristics, sedimentary environments, pore and molecular structures, tar yield forecast, microbial degradation, resource potential, and production and utilization. Tar-rich coals contain hydrogen-rich structures that can produce oil and gas through pyrolysis, such as the side chains and bridge bonds of aliphatic structures and weakly bonded structures on the periphery of condensed aromatic nucleus. Tar-rich coals were predominantly formed in sedimentary environments with a stable terrestrial sediment supply, a warm and humid climate, and strong reducing conditions. Pore structures influence the pyrolysis efficiency, tar precipitation, and hydrocarbon migration of tar-rich coals, whereas molecular structures (primarily influenced by aliphatic hydrogen content and weak hydrogenated bonds) determine the oil-generating potential of tar-rich coals. Tar-rich coals convert into oil and gas through four stages under biodegradation: microbial hydrolysis, fermentation, hydrogen/acetic acid generation, and methane generation. With the achievement of technical breakthroughs in geological area selection and the integration of multiple disciplines, future trends in research on tar-rich coals will center on the indicators and methods for forecasting and evaluating their oil-yield property, the sources and quantitative identification of hydrogen-rich components, the sealing performance of surrounding rocks and its evaluation methods for in-situ exploitation, and technologies for microbial degradation combined with pyrolysis. The results of this study will lay a foundation for ascertaining both current directions and future trends of research on tar-rich coals.

国家自然科学基金项目(42330808，42172200，41972183)

王双明，鲍园，郝永辉，等. 富油煤研究进展与趋势[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2024，52(4)：1−11.

WANG Shuangming，BAO Yuan，HAO Yonghui，et al. Research on tar-rich coals: Progress and prospects[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2024，52(4)：1−11.