School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University

广泛使用化石燃料导致二氧化碳等温室气体排放量持续攀升,给全球气候变化和生态系统带来了深刻而不可逆的影响,这不仅引发了环境问题,更对地球的气候稳定和生物多样性构成了严重威胁。在众多的碳减排方法中,CCUS技术是实现二氧化碳长期减排的重要手段,其中碳捕集是核心环节,包括从能源利用、工业生产和大气中分离二氧化碳的过程。在这一领域中,着重介绍了微藻固碳技术的重要性和有效性。与此同时进一步指出,通过调节微藻的生长条件,如光照、温度、pH、营养元素和二氧化碳浓度,可以显著提高微藻的固碳能力。目前,通过随机诱变、适应性实验室进化和基因工程等策略,筛选生长速度快、耐受性强、二氧化碳固定效率高、生物量大的微藻品种。这不仅有助于推进碳达峰和碳中和目标,也将为实现能源的清洁、绿色、低碳和高效利用提供坚实的基础,从而支持全面实施可持续发展战略。通过这种方式,微藻固碳技术有望在应对全球变暖和促进环境可持续发展中发挥作用。

The widespread use of fossil fuels has led to a significant increase in carbon dioxide and oth-er greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to the adverse effects of global climate change and impactingecosystems worldwide. These rising emissions not only create environmental problems but also pose aserious threat to the earth′s climate stability and biodiversity. Among the various methods to reduce car-bon emissions, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology stands out as a crucialtool for achieving long-term carbon dioxide reduction. CCUS technology captures carbon dioxide fromemission sources such as coal-fired power plants, industrial processes, and even directly from the at-mosphere. This study focuses on the potential of microalgae for carbon sequestration, highlighting theirability to capture and store carbon. To further enhance the carbon sequestration ability of microalgae, itis essential to optimize their growth conditions. Factors such as light intensity, temperature, pH, nutri-ent availability, and carbon dioxide concentration can significantly impact the efficiency of carbon se-questration by microalgae. Researchers have been exploring various strategies, including random muta-genesis, adaptive laboratory evolution, and genetic engineering, to select microalgae species with desir-able traits. These traits include a rapid growth rate, strong tolerance to stress, high CO2 fixation effi-ciency, and the ability to produce large biomass. By employing these approaches, scientists aim to en-hance the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality efforts simultaneously. Additionally, this research willprovide a robust and scalable solution, supporting the full implementation of sustainable developmentstrategies. Microalgae carbon sequestration technology is expected to play a significant role in combatingglobal warming and promoting environmental sustainability by capturing and storing carbon dioxide effi-ciently. Overall, the utilization of microalgae for carbon sequestration has enormous potential. By opti-mizing growth conditions and employing advanced genetic engineering techniques, microalgae-basedCCUS technology can become a key contributor to mitigating climate change, preserving biodiversity,and facilitating the transition towards a sustainable future.

河北省湿地保护与绿色发展协同创新中心开放基金资助项目(2023HBXCZX2-8)

王艺,陈丹青,毛炜炜,等.以微藻固碳减轻碳排放及其强化策略[J].能源环境保护,2024,38(3):35-42.

WANG Yi, CHEN Danqing, MAO Weiwei, et al. Carbon sequestration by microalgae to reduce carbon emissionand strengthening strategy[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2024, 38(3): 35-42.