氨能是一种用途广泛、绿色低碳的潜在清洁能源,其在安全性、能量密度、储运便捷性等诸多方面与氢能相比具有一定优势。我国氨能在交通、电力等领域的应用尚处于起步阶段,相关碳足迹研究备受关注。重点对加氢站、氨燃料供给站、发电厂和化工厂等应用场景下的中国氨能全产业链进行分阶段的全生命周期碳足迹分析,并重点分析氨能用于交通燃料和电力掺烧场景的碳排放水平。结果表明:从不同技术路线看,所有场景下网电电解水制氢—HB(Haber-Boschprocess,哈勃法)合成氨—液氨厢车运氨—网电裂解氨制氢路线的碳足迹水平最高,超过600g/MJ(以CO2当量计);风电电解水制氢—HB合成氨—管道输氨—光伏发电裂解氨制氢路线的碳足迹水平最低,低于40g/MJ。从制储运用各阶段分开看,除风电电解水制氢-合成氨路线外,氨能生产阶段的碳排放占比最高。从影响因素看,制氢、合成氨和氨裂解制氢等各阶段的电力消耗水平及电力碳排放系数对氨能全产业链的碳足迹高低具有重要影响。从氨能具体应用的交通用能案例看,相对于传统石油基燃料,采用可再生电力进行制氢并生产的绿氨和采用碳捕捉技术的化石能源生产的蓝氨技术路线都具有大幅降低(80%以上)碳排放水平的优势。

Ammonia energy is a widely used, green and low-carbon new type of clean energy, which has outstanding advantages over hydrogen energy in terms of safety, energy intensity, easy-to-storage and transport, and many other aspects. The application of ammonia energy in transportation, power, chemical and other sectors in China is still in its infancy, but the related carbon footprint research has received much attention. This study conducted a step-by-step life cycle carbon footprint analysis of China′s ammonia energy′s full industrialchain under application scenarios such as hydrogen refueling stations, ammonia fuel supply stations, and power plants, and focus on analyzing the carbon emission level of ammonia energy used in the scenario of transportation fuel and power sector. The research results showthat, from the perspective of different technology routs, in all scenarios, the carbon dioxide emissions of ammonia energy in the whole lifecycle of the electrolyzed water hydrogen production HB (Haber Bosch process) synthetic ammonia liquid ammonia vehicle route are thehighest, more than 600 g/ MJ. Hydrogen production from renewable energy electrolyzed water - HB synthetic ammonia - pipelinetransmission route has the lowest carbon dioxide emission in the whole life cycle of ammonia energy, which is lower than 40 g/ MJ. Foreach stage, the fuel production stage accounts for the highest proportion of carbon footprint in all stages of production, storage and application of various ammonia production technology pathway, except for the renewable energy electrolysis ammonia production pathway. Fromthe perspective of influencing factors, the power consumption level and its carbon emission factor in each stage of hydrogen production,ammonia generation and ammonia cracking for hydrogen production play an important role in the carbon footprint of the whole industrialchain of ammonia energy production, storage and utilization. From the perspective of application scenarios, in the scenarios of chemicalplants, steel plants, and power plants, due to the short transportation distance and low energy consumption for storage and transportation,the carbon dioxide emissions throughout the full life cycle of 1 MJ ammonia energy are relatively low. From the perspective of applicationscenarios, in the field of transportation, the green ammonia and blue ammonia technology pathway has the advantage of significantly reducing the carbon footprint (more than 80%) compared with traditional petroleum fuels.

0 引言

1 模型方法

   1.1 计算框架

   1.2 模型介绍

   1.3 计算过程

2 数据整理

   2.1 原料生产、原料运输及燃料生产阶段

   2.2 燃料运输和燃料应用阶段

   2.3 终端能源全生命周期碳强度系数

3 结果与讨论

   3.1 不同应用场景下的氨能碳足迹

   3.2 蓝氨技术路线碳排放情况

   3.3 重要绿氨应用案例的碳足迹

4 结论