近年来，全球光伏产业蓬勃发展，光伏装机量快速攀升。光伏发电碳排放较传统化石能源发电仅为10%。然而，太阳能光伏板的使用寿命仅为20～25 a，随着首批光伏组件达到其寿命极限，世界各地将陆续迎来光伏组件的“退役潮”。实现退役光伏组件无害化绿色处置并回收利用光伏组件中的二次能源是光伏产业可持续发展的关键环节。目前主流的晶硅光伏组件主要由光伏玻璃、EVA(乙烯−醋酸乙烯共聚物)胶膜、晶硅电池片和含氟背板组成。完整的光伏玻璃和晶硅电池片具有较高的经济价值，因此如何选择性去除EVA胶膜和含氟背板是退役光伏组件回收再利用的重要步骤。基于此，首先简要介绍了晶硅光伏组件各部分的结构和用途，并根据各部分的物理化学特性，从光伏组件回收完整性的角度详细分析了包括热法处置、物理分离和化学解离在内的各类工艺的优缺点。已有研究表明，退役晶硅光伏组件回收难点集中在以下3个方面：高效低污染、低能耗地去除EVA胶膜、背板中含氟物质的无害化处置以及晶硅电池片上热解残碳的脱除。针对上述难点，展望了未来退役光伏组件回收技术的发展趋势，并对我国退役光伏组件回收技术研究与设计提出了合理建议。

In recent years, the global photovoltaic industry has been booming, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic has climbed rapidly. The carbon emission of photovoltaic power generation is only 10% compared with that of traditional fossil fuel power generation. However, the service life of solar photovoltaic panels is only 20 to 25 years, and as the first batch of photovoltaic modules reach their life limit, the world will successively usher in the "retirement tide" of photovoltaic modules. To realize the harmless and green disposal of retired photovoltaic modules and recycle the secondary energy in photovoltaic modules is the key link of the sustainable development of photovoltaic industry. At present, the mainstream crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are composed of photovoltaic glass, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) film, crystalline silicon cell sheet and fluorine backplane. The complete photovoltaic glass and crystalline silicon cell have high economic value, so how to selectively remove EVA film and fluoride backplate is an important step in the recycling of retired photovoltaic modules. Based on this, this paper first introduces the structure and application of each part of crystalline silicon photovoltaic module. Then according to the physicochemical characteristics of each part, the advantages and disadvantages of various processes including thermal disposal, physical separation and chemical dissociation are analyzed in detail from the perspective of the integrity of photovoltaic module recovery. Existing studies have shown that the difficulties in the recovery of retired crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are mainly in the following three aspects: the removal of EVA film with high efficiency, low pollution and low energy consumption, the harmless disposal of fluorine-containing substances in the backplane, and the removal of pyrolysis carbon residues on crystalline silicon cells. In view of the above difficulties, this paper outlooks the future development trend of recycling technology for decommissioned photovoltaic module, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions on the research and design of recycling technology for decommissioned photovoltaic module in China. This paper will provide an important technical guidance for the efficient green recycling of decommissioned photovoltaic modules.