School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Disposal andRecycling Technology of Solid Waste

锂离子电池因其能量密度高、循环寿命长等独特优势,已成为移动电子设备与电动汽车的主要电源之一。然而,锂离子电池在正常使用和梯次利用报废后,若未能合理处置,将导致巨大的资源浪费和严重的环境污染问题。目前,废旧锂离子电池正极材料的传统闭环回收方法主要包括直接再生、火法回收和湿法回收,这些方法主要是将废旧电池正极材料中的有价金属回收并再生用于电池工业。同时,关于废旧锂离子电池正极材料非闭环高值化的研究也大量涌现。然而,由于相关研究分化程度高、隔离性强,缺乏对废旧锂离子电池正极材料有价金属的传统闭环回收与非闭环高值化研究现状和前景的系统性整理和评价。为弥补该不足,系统论述了废旧磷酸铁锂与三元正极材料有价金属的闭环回收处理现状,以及废旧锂离子电池正极材料有价金属非闭环转化为其他储能装置的电极材料或环境功能材料的潜力,并从产业角度对2种不同回收模式的工艺和产品性能进行了比较和评价。在此基础上,简要概述了废旧锂离子电池正极材料闭环回收与非闭环高值化利用相关的挑战与发展趋势,为废旧锂离子电池正极材料的合理处置提供了重要参考。

Lithium-ion batteries have emerged as primary power sources for mobile electronic devicesand electric vehicles due to their distinctive advantages, including high energy density and extendedcycle life. Improper disposal of spent lithium-ion batteries after regular use or cascaded use may resultin substantial resource wastage and severe environmental pollution. Currently, traditional closed-looprecycling methods for spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials mainly include direct regeneration,Energy Environmental Protectionpyrometallurgy, and hydrometallurgy. These methods primarily focus on recycling and regeneratingvaluable metals from spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials for reuse in the battery industry.Meanwhile, numerous studies have reported on the high-value non-closed-loop recycling of spentlithium-ion battery cathode materials. However, the high degree of differentiation and isolation amongthese studies has resulted in a lack of systematic summarization and evaluation of the current status andprospects of research on the valuable metals of spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials, includingboth traditional closed-loop and non-closed-loop high-value recycling methods. To fill up this gap, thisreview systematically discusses the current status of closed-loop recycling and processing of valuablemetals from spent lithium iron phosphate and ternary cathode materials. It also explores the potential ofconverting spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials into electrode materials for other energy storagedevices or environmentally functional materials. Additionally, it compares and evaluates the processesand product performance of the two different recycling modes from an industrial perspective. Based onthis, the review outlines the challenges and development trends related to the closed-loop recycling andnon-closed-loop high-value utilization of spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials. This review willprovide an important reference for the rational treatment and disposal of spent lithium-ion batterycathode materials.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3902802);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52170134)

梅延润,刘龙敏,陈然,等.废旧锂离子电池正极材料有价金属的回收及高值化利用研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2024,38(6):1−12.

MEI Yanrun, LIU Longmin, CHEN Ran, et al. Recent advances on the recovery and high-value utilization ofvaluable metals from cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Environmental Protection,2024, 38(6): 1−12.