重大工程安全管理事关参建工人的人身安全和整个项目目标的实现,是学术界、工程界共同关注的热点。安全共同体是我国重大工程安全管理实践涌现出的一种新型组织模式。本文以北京大兴国际机场建设项目为研究案例,分析了重大工程安全共同体的存在必要性,从治理层、管理层、执行层和生产操作层等层面对重大工程安全共同体进行了解构,提出了重大工程安全共同体的3种整合方法,总结发现重大工程安全共同体具有多重属性,即重大工程安全共同体是安全组织共同体、安全知识共同体、安全责任共同体、安全行为共同体的集成体,所有参与某个重大工程的人员是一个安全命运共同体。未来研究可以进一步探索重大工程安全共同体的多重属性间的关系,进一步刻画重大工程安全共同体的演化过程和演化规律。

The safety management of megaprojects is related to the personal safety of participating workers and the achievement of the overall project goals, and is a hot topic of common concern in the academic and engineering communities. Safety community is a new organizational model that has emerged in China's megaproject safety management practices. The safety management of megaprojects faces profound contradictions in various aspects. One of the important organizational means to resolve these contradictions is to create a safety community, so that all organizations, departments, and personnel participating in megaprojects can share safety resources and information, jointly build safety standards, jointly govern safety management systems, and form a community state of mutual responsible, thereby achieving a complex, efficient, orderly, strict and controllable safety effect. This study takes the megaproject of Beijing Daxing International Airport as a research case, collects multiple sources of data such as safety regulations, safety reports, safety management archives, interview materials with safety management personnel, and experience of safety inspection activities, deconstructs the megaproject safety community into four layers of governance, management, execution, and production operations, and proposes three integration methods for the megaproject safety community. Among the four layers, the governance layer is in a leading position, capable of regulating various safety regulations and norms for megaprojects, and dynamically supervising the construction process, which performs the roles of initiator, leader, and regulator for megaproject safety management. The management layer is in a pivotal position and can initiate safety management activities such as safety investment, safety goal setting, safety system formulation, and safety inspection, which performs the roles of planners, coordinators, and supervisors for megaproject safety management. The execution layer is at the forefront, able to implement various safety goals and requirements transmitted from the management layer, and independently establish safety management organizations and prepare safety management plans within the contracting scope, which performs the roles of executors and inspectors for megaproject safety management. The production operation layer is in a central position, capable of implementing specific safety tasks and measures issued by the execution layer, and constraining its own safety performance, which performs the roles of practitioner and feedback provider for megaproject safety management. From the perspective of organizational form, the governance layer often establishes coordination agencies such as megaproject construction leadership groups, and sometimes temporarily establishes specialized project-based government agencies to coordinate and make major decisions on the issues of megaprojects. The management layer often establishes coordination organizations such as safety committees, sets up corresponding dedicated departments, administrative departments, and safety management offices, equips full-time or part-time safety management personnel in dedicated departments. The execution layer often establishes a project department and its subordinate dedicated safety sub-departments, and is equipped with corresponding dedicated safety management personnel. The production operation layer is responsible for the construction tasks and safety behaviors of the construction workers, and the team leader is responsible for frontline safety supervision tasks. Further, this study proposes the integration methods for the megaproject safety community from three aspects: safety supervision by the governance and management layers, safety management by the management layer, and self safety management by each layer. This study puts forward that a megaproject safety community is an integration of safety organization community, safety knowledge community, safety responsibility community, and safety behavior community, and that all personnel involved in a megaproject are in a community with a shared safety future.