School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology⁃Beijing

深部开采已成为我国煤炭行业面临的关键挑战,尤其是在高地应力、高地温和高渗透的“三高”问题的制约下,寻求有效的开采技术迫在眉睫。充填开采技术,特别是利用煤矸石作为填充材料的高浓度胶结充填技术,逐步被应用于深部开采,成为应对这一挑战的有效手段。本文通过研究已有文献,分析了5种充填开采方式的充填工艺、影响因素和控制效果;总结了影响深部高浓度胶结充填开采地表沉陷控制效果的地质采矿条件、充填技术条件和充填体性质3类因素。为进一步理解深部高浓度胶结充填开采的独特性,构建了高浓度胶结充填体与顶板的力学作用模型,深入分析了深部长壁高浓度胶结充填开采采场的覆岩运动特征,并明确了岩层稳定的判别条件。基于FLAC数值模拟结果,确定了影响地表沉陷控制效果的主要因素及其重要性顺序:工作面设计宽度>充填率>充填体强度>煤层厚度。此外,研究还发现,煤层厚度与工作面宽度对沉陷效果的影响呈负相关,而充填率和充填体强度的影响呈正相关。最后,结合某矿试验采区的实际数据,确定了最优的工作面宽度(100m)、充填率(90%)和充填体强度(3MPa),并通过对比分析观测地表沉陷数据(4~15mm)与数值模拟结果较吻合。本文的研究为深部矿区地表沉陷控制提供了理论基础和技术支持。

Deep mining has become a key challenge for China’s coal industry,especially under the constraints of highstress,high temperature and high permeability,it is urgent to seek effective mining technology.Filling mining technolo⁃gy, especially the high⁃concentration cemented backfill technology using coal gangue as a filling material, hasbeen gradually applied to deep mining and has become an effective means to cope with this challenge.Based on the ex⁃isting literature,the filling process,influencing factors and control effects of five backfill mining methodswere analyzed.Three types of factors affecting the surface subsidence control effect of deep high⁃concentration cemented backfill min⁃ing were summarized:geological mining conditions,filling technical conditions and backfill properties.To further under⁃stand the uniqueness of deep high⁃concentration cemented backfill mining, the mechanical interaction modelbetween high⁃concentration cemented backfill and roof was constructed,and the overburden movement characteristicsof high⁃concentration cemented backfill mining stope with deep long wall were deeply analyzed,and the discrimi⁃nant conditions for rock stability was clarified.Based on the FLAC numerical simulation results,the main factors affect⁃ing the control effect of surface subsidence and their order of importance were determined:working face width > fillingrate> backfill strength > coal seam thickness.In addition,it was found that the influence of coal seam thickness andworking face width on the subsidence effect is negatively correlated,while the influence of filling rate and backfillstrength is positively correlated.Finally,combined with the actual data of a mine test mining area,the optimal workingface width (100 m),filling rate (90%) and backfill strength (3 MPa) are determined,and the surface subsid⁃ence data (4-15 mm) are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results through comparative analysis.Thisresearch provides a theoretical basis and technical support for surface subsidence in deep mining areas control.

杨宝贵,顾成进,施展,等.深部高浓度胶结充填开采地表沉陷控制因素及影响规律[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(3):234-245.

YANG Baogui, GU Chengjin, SHI Zhan, et al. Control factors andinfluencing patterns of surface subsidencein deep high⁃concentration cemented backfill mining[J].Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(3):234-245.