煤炭为人类工业文明进步做出了重大贡献，但面临高碳排放的重大难题。现代煤基能源是破解煤与碳矛盾的新路径，能够立足我国资源禀赋实现能源自主可控，提升我国油气自主性，支撑电力清洁转型和新能源产业发展，是保障能源安全和实现双碳目标的重要创新方向。基于现代煤基能源概念及技术体系，系统梳理和介绍了现代煤基能源内涵和产品谱系。通过对现代煤基能源的煤基气开发技术、煤基油开发技术、煤基氢开发技术、煤基电生产技术、矿区动态碳中和技术等5个核心技术模块及其19个技术单元和61项关键技术进行分析和论述，提出了10项低碳化煤基能源开发的变革性技术：① 基于自移式等离子体气化机的智能煤炭地下气化技术，具有自动燃烧、自动推进、自动封闭、自动监测、自动调控组分等功能；② 煤炭地下气化与间接液化耦合可形成低成本、低排放、短流程煤制油路线(UCG-ICL)；③ 利用太阳能加热或干热岩加热的富油煤原位干馏化学开采技术设想；④ 基于原位碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)的深部煤炭地下气化制氢路径(UCG-H₂)，循环CO₂作为气化剂提高煤气有效组分产量，捕集CO₂就地封存于地下气化空腔，形成近零排放UCG-H₂技术路线；⑤ 纳米富氢水煤浆掺氢发电技术，实现低温低压下的低碳煤基电生产，显著降低煤电CO₂排放量；⑥ 煤炭地下气化耦合IGCC的低碳发电系统构思(UCG+IGCC)，减少了IGCC煤制气环节，显著降低CO₂排放部分；⑦ 煤粉爆燃直线驱动发电技术架构，理论做功能量是煤炭燃烧的15倍以上；⑧ 基于现代煤基能源内循环的CO₂加氢合成“绿色甲醇”路线，利用低碳UCG制取的煤基“蓝氢”与捕集CO₂合成制取甲醇；⑨ 现代煤基能源产生的CO₂原位地下封存技术系统，有助于实现零碳煤基能源生产；⑩ 矿区动态碳中和煤基能源系统架构，将智能保供、绿色开发、清洁转化、低碳利用、洁净排放耦合在一个矿区闭环系统中，实现矿区动态碳中和。

Coal energy has made a significant contribution to the development of human industrialization, but coal energy is faced with the major problem of high carbon emissions. Modern coal-based energy is a new path to crack the contradiction between coal energy and carbon. It can realize independent and controllable energy based on China’s resource endowment, enhance the autonomy of China’s oil and gas, support the clean transformation of electricity and the development of the renewable energy industry, and is an important innovative direction for guaranteeing energy security and realizing the dual-carbon goal. Based on the concept and technical system of modern coal-based energy, this paper systematically introduces the connotation and product lineage of modern coal-based energy. By analyzing and discussing the five core technology modules, 19 technical units and 61 key technologies of modern coal-based energy, including the new technologies such as coal-based gas, coal-based oil, coal-based hydrogen, coal-based electricity production, and dynamic carbon neutrality in mining area, ten revolutionary technologies for the development of low carbonization coal-based energy are proposed: ① Intelligent underground coal gasification technology based on self-moving plasma gasification machine which has the functions of automatic combustion, propulsion, sealing, monitoring and controlling; ② The coupling of underground coal gasification and indirect liquefaction can form a low-cost, low-emission, short-process coal-to-oil route (UCG-ICL); ③ In situ retorting chemical mining technology of oil-rich coal using solar heating or hot dry rock heating;④ In the deep coal underground gasification hydrogen production path (UCG-H₂) based on in-situ carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), recycled CO₂ is used as a gasification agent to improve the production of effective components of coal gas, and captured CO₂ is stored in the underground gasification cavity to form a zero-emission UCG-H₂ technical route. ⑤ nanometer hydrogen-rich coal water slurry hydrogen-mixed power generation technology to achieve low-carbon coal-based power production at low temperature and low pressure, and significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions of coal power; ⑥ The Low carbon power generation system concept of underground coal gasification coupled with IGCC (UCG+IGCC) reduces the coal-to-gas process of IGCC and significantly reduces CO₂ emissions. ⑦ Pulverized coal deflagration linear drive power generation technology structure, the theoretical work energy is more than 15 times of coal combustion; ⑧ Based on the CO₂ hydrogenation synthesis “green methanol” route of modern coal-based energy recycling, methanol is synthesized from coal-based “blue hydrogen” produced by low-carbon UCG and captured CO₂; ⑨ The CO₂ in situ storage technology system generated by modern coal-based energy can help achieve zero-carbon coal-based energy production; ⑩ Dynamic carbon neutral coal-based energy system architecture in mining area, coupling intelligent supply protection, green development, clean transformation, low-carbon utilization and clean emission in a closed-loop system in mining area to achieve dynamic carbon neutrality in mining area.