煤矿区采动地裂缝可对岩土工程的稳定及土地生态安全造成严重威胁,研究其形成机理有助于实现矿区资源与环境协调开发。根据采动地裂缝的力学成因进行分类,系统梳理了不同类型采动地裂缝形成机理研究进展,分析了采动地裂缝的影响因素与研究方法,讨论了相关的关键科学问题。分析认为,岩层破断与表土层形变过程尤其是基岩与松散层接触面的应力-应变机制、动态地裂缝多周期形成机理、顾及多因素耦合影响效应的力学模型构建、多技术手段的综合运用、深部开采与生态脆弱矿区高强度开采以及煤炭开采新技术引起的地裂缝形成机理等将是未来研究的难点与发展趋势。

The ground cracks due to coal mining subsidence seriously threaten the stability of geotechnical engineering and land ecology safety in mining area,herein the study of formation mechanism of ground crack is conducive to the coordinated development of resource and environment. Here we mainly classified the ground cracks regarding to forma- tion mechanism into three categories,and reviewed their research advances,then analyzed the impact factors and re- search methods of ground cracks,and discussed the key issues for the related researches. Finally,we explored the fu- ture opportunities of formation mechanism for ground crack and the challenges they would face,including:① The pro- gress of rock failure and soil deformation,especially the stress and strain mechanism of the interface between bedrock and unconsolidated layers;② The formation mechanism of multi-cycle of dynamic ground crack;③ Construction of mechanical model considering multiple factors;④ comprehensive application of multi-technical means;⑤ Formation mechanism of ground crack due to deep coal mining,high-intensive coal mining in western ecological fragile region and new coal mining technology,etc.