随着国家大力推进工业化与信息化融合，煤炭智能精准开采已经成为行业大趋势，众多煤炭企业和科研院所开展了一系列试验研究和工业示范工程。然而，地质条件的适应性不足已经成为制约煤炭智能精准开采的技术瓶颈，迫切需要构建高精度、透明化的工作面三维地质模型。以黄陵煤矿某智能化工作面为例，分析了智能精准开采对地质透明化的时空需求，一方面要确保工作面前方未采区域一定范围内地质条件的“透明化”，另一方面要在采煤机完成一次截割的时间内完成透明化工作面三维地质模型的动态更新。统筹分析工作面地质探测技术现状和智能开采的集控水平，提出了构建透明工作面三维地质模型的总体思路:按照不同的地质、采掘阶段，将回采工作面地质模型分为4个层级，即黑箱模型、灰箱模型、白箱模型和透明模型。在工作面设计阶段，基于地面钻探与采区三维地震资料，可以构建工作面的“黑箱模型”，其精度处于“十米级”;在工作面掘进阶段，开展三维地震资料地质动态解释，可以构建工作面的“灰箱模型”，其精度处于“十米级~米级”;在工作面采前阶段，综合利用槽波、坑透等工作面地质勘探技术，可以构建工作面的“白箱模型”，其精度能够达到“米级~亚米级”;在工作面回采阶段，动态融入回采揭露的地质信息，并进行随采地震动态监测，可以构建起工作面前方50 m的工作面“透明模型”，其精度达到“亚米级”。为此，亟需研发一批关键技术与装备，主要包括三维地震资料地质动态解释技术、煤矿井下孔中物探技术与装备、回采工作面随采地震监测技术、工作面监测数据地质信息提取和多源异构地质信息动态融合技术等，逐级构建智能开采工作面的地质模型，渐次实现工作面的三维地质透明化，为煤炭智能精准开采提供地质保障。

Intelligent precision coal mining represents the trend of mining industry with the national integration of infor- matization and industrialization. Lots of coal enterprises and research institutes have carried out a series of experimental researches and industrial demonstration projects of intelligent precision coal mining. However, the insufficient adaptability of geological conditions has been a technical bottleneck of intelligent and precise coal mining. It is urgent to construct a high-precision and transparent 3D geological model for coal long-wall panel. Based on an intelligent longwall panel of Huangling Coal Mine,the spatio-temporal demand of geological transparency for intelligent precise coal mining has been analyzed. On the one hand,it is necessary to ensure the transparency of the geological conditions in a certain range of unmined area in front of the working face;and on the other hand,it is necessary to update the 3D geological model of the transparent longwall panel for every cutting cycle dynamically. Based on the analysis of the cur- rent situation of geological exploration technologies and the level of central control,the general idea of constructing 3D geological model of transparent longwall panel has been put forward. According to different geological exploration and mining stages,the 3D geological model of working face can be classified into four stages,which are black,gray,white and transparent box models. In the long-wall panel planning and design stage,the geological “ black box” model can be constructed based on the ground boreholes and 3D seismic data,and its precision is about 10-meter. When the in- take and return airways and start-up room are excavated,the geological “gray box” model can be established based on the geological data from ground and underground,such as boreholes,roadways and the dynamic interpretation of 3D seismic data,and its precision is about 10-to 1-meter. In pre-mining,the “gray box” model can be refined into “white box” model by using in-seam seismic technology and the gateway radio wave penetration technology. The precision of “white box” model is about 1-to sub-meter. During the coal mining period,a local area within 50 m ahead working face is transparent based on the dynamic combination of mining data and seismic while coal mining monitoring results. The precision of transparent model is about sub-meter. To construct above four models,the following five key technolo- gies / equipments should be developed:① Geological dynamic interpretation of 3D seismic data;② Geophysical explo- ration technology and equipment in drill holes;③ Seismic monitoring technology while coal mining;④ Geological in- formation extraction of working face monitoring data;and ⑤ Multi-source heterogeneous geological information dynamic fusion. In this way,a dynamic transparent model could be constructed gradually during the process of mining,aiming to provide geological supports for the precision coal mining.