煤炭作为一种不可再生的国家型战略资源，依然是全球最重要的基础能源之一。低品质煤潜在储量可观，已成为实现我国能源保障不可或缺的能源资源。选煤是实现煤炭高效、洁净利用的源头技术，传统的湿法选煤技术严重依赖水资源，干法选煤技术因其不用水、成本低、无污染等特点，为煤炭资源的清洁高效分选提质和煤炭工业转型发展提供了有效方法。详细分析了风力分选、复合式干法分选、光电分选、重介干法分选技术的工作原理、研究现状和工业应用进展，并对国内外煤炭干法分选技术的进展进行梳理。在理解分选技术进展的基础上，指出了现有干法分选技术入料粒级窄、水分要求高、智能化程度不高等局限性，对煤炭干法分选技术发展的趋势进行展望，指出了下一步研究重点，包括突破细粒煤分选的理论瓶颈，实现全粒级煤炭的干法分选、开发高效的煤炭分选与干燥协同技术，破解原煤水分限制的难题、加快干法精选技术攻关，降低炼焦煤等高品质煤的加工成本、开展分选机放大的理论研究，实现分选设备的持续大型化及煤系共伴生矿物、煤系固废资源化利用等，为干法选煤技术的研究提供借鉴。

As a non-renewable national strategic resource,coal is still one of the most important basic energy resources in the world. Low quality coal has considerable potential reserves and has become an indispensable energy resource for energy security in China. Coal preparation is the source technology to realize efficient and clean utilization of coal. The traditional wet coal preparation technology strongly depends on water resources. Due to the characteristics of no water,low cost and no pollution,the dry coal preparation technology has provides an effective method for clean and efficient separation and industrial transformation and development of coal resources. The working principle,research status and industrial application progress of air separation,compound dry coal separator,photoelectric separation technology,dry dense medium coal separation technology were analyzed in detail,then the progress of dry coal separation technology at home and abroad was summarized. Based on understanding the progress of the above separation technologies,the limitations of the existing dry separation technologies were pointed out,such as narrow feed size,high water requirement and low intelligence. Then the development trend of coal dry separation technologies was prospected,and the next research focus was pointed out,including breaking through the theoretical bottleneck of fine coal separation and realizing dry separation of whole-grain coal,developing efficient coal separation and drying collaborative technology and solving the problem of water limitation of raw coal,speeding up the research of dry precision separation technology and saving the processing cost of high-quality coal,such as coking coal,carrying out up-scale theoretical research on the separator and realizing the up-grade of the separator,coal-series associated minerals and coal-series solid waste resource utilization,etc.,so as to provide the possible suggestions for the research of dry coal separation technology in future.

0 引言

1 干法分选技术的研究进展

   1.1 风力分选技术

   1.2 复合式干法分选机

   1.3 光电分选技术

   1.4 干法重介质流化床分选技术

2 干法分选技术的展望与挑战

   2.1 全粒级煤炭干法分选

   2.2 煤炭分选与干燥协同技术

   2.3 干法精准分选技术

   2.4 分选机放大理论研究

   2.5 干法分选智能化

   2.6 煤系共伴生矿物、煤系固废资源化

3 结语