燃煤电厂向空气中排放大量污染物，其中SO2导致人体呼吸系统多种病症，同时在降水过程中会与雨水反应形成酸雨，严重危害生态环境，控制SO2排放至关重要。烟气脱硫技术是工业上控制SO2排放的重要手段之一，介绍了循环流化床炉内脱硫技术和石灰石-石膏烟气湿法脱硫技术2种燃煤电厂常用烟气脱硫技术的特点、原理、工艺流程及脱硫效率的影响因素。对燃煤电厂烟气脱硫技术优化方法的研究现状进行总结，其技术优化方法包括：理论建模优化、自动控制系统优化和系统运行条件优化，并针对脱硫系统工况复杂多变和整体性优化研究缺乏的问题，提出将人工智能技术应用在烟气脱硫技术复杂性问题的优化上。此外，传统技术评价方式主要关注技术和经济性能评估，无法全面分析烟气脱硫技术脱硫所释放的大量温室气体对环境的影响。在国家节能减排背景下，针对传统技术评价方式的局限性，提出烟气脱硫系统可采用生命周期评价的方法，实现其全生命周期中碳排放及其他有害物质排放的计量控制，并进行全面的环境影响评价。对生命周期评价在燃煤电厂烟气脱硫中的应用进行了总结，提出与工艺过程模拟相结合的生命周期评价，以快速得到不同工艺的评价结果，提高对不同技术选择、优化和决策的能力。

A large amount of pollutants is emitted into the air in coal-fired power plants. Among them, SO2 can cause various diseases to the human respiratory system. At the same time, it will react with rain to form acid rain during the precipitation process, which will cause serious harm to the ecological environment of our country. It is very important to control SO2 emission. Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) technology is one of the important means to control SO2 emissions in industry. The characteristics, principles, process flow and influencing factors of desulfurization efficiency of the two commonly used FGD technologies in coal-fired power plants: The circulating fluidized bed furnace desulfurization technology and the limestone-gypsum wet FGD technology were introduced. And the research status of optimization methods of FGD technology in coal-fired power plants was summarized. The methods of technology optimization include process modeling optimization, automatic control system optimization and system operating conditions optimization. In view of the complexity of FGD working conditions and the lack of overall optimization research, it is proposed that artificial intelligence technology can be applied to the optimization of the complexity of flue gas desulfurization technology. In addition, the traditional technical evaluation method focuses on the evaluation of technical and economic performance,and the impact of a large number of greenhouse gases released by FGD technology on the environment can′t be comprehensively analyzed. Under the background of national energy conservation and emission reduction, in view of the limitations of traditional technology evaluation methods, it is proposed that the method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can be adopted for FGD system to realize the measurement control of carbon emissions and other harmful substances emissions during its entire life cycle, and conduct a comprehensive environmental impact assessment. The application of Life Cycle Assessment in flue gas desulfurization of coal-fired power plants is summarized. LCA combined with process simulation is put forward to quickly obtain the evaluation results of different processes and improve ability to select, optimize and make decisions on different technologies.

0 引言

1 燃煤电厂脱硫技术

   1.1 CFB炉内喷钙脱硫技术

   1.2 石灰石-石膏烟气湿法脱硫技术

2 烟气脱硫系统性能优化

   2.1 脱硫系统工艺理论建模优化

   2.2 脱硫系统自动控制系统优化

   2.3 脱硫系统运行条件优化

   2.4 脱硫系统人工智能技术

   2.5 脱硫技术优化效果的评价方法

3 LCA在燃煤电厂烟气脱硫中的应用

   3.1 LCA的优点与不足

   3.2 LCA在燃煤电厂烟气脱硫中的实施步骤

   3.3 不同烟气脱硫技术的LCA研究

   3.4 基于过程模拟的LCA

4 结语及展望