采用低排放-低成本的洁净型煤取暖技术路径有效解决散煤燃烧取暖带来的环境污染问题，是现阶段实现我国欠发达农村地区清洁取暖的有效举措之一。系统评估了2种新型民用方型蜂窝煤配套专用炉具燃烧采暖的减排效果和经济性。结果表明，无烟煤方型蜂窝煤和烟煤方型蜂窝煤基于单位燃料质量的PM2.5排放因子分别为0.09和0.43 g/kg、CO排放因子为51.61和38.35 g/kg、NOx排放因子为0.72和0.63 g/kg。与散煤相比，PM2.5可减排96.16%和81.64%、CO可减排85.15%和88.97%、NOx可减排53.25%和59.09%。无烟煤方型蜂窝煤、烟煤方型蜂窝煤和散煤的固硫率分别为61.55%、70.76%和20.93%。相比散煤，方型蜂窝煤的PM2.5、CO和NOx排放较低，且具有较好的固硫效果，可有效减少SO2排放。方型蜂窝煤取暖的减排效果不仅受燃料性质影响，其配套专用炉具的进料方式、燃烧方式、供风系统设计等对其减排效果也有一定影响。从经济性上看，由于方型蜂窝煤生产原料来源广泛，大大降低了生产成本，居民采用方型蜂窝煤取暖方式的运行费用与散煤取暖相近。方型蜂窝煤与其专用炉具组合燃烧稳定、燃烧效率高，减排效果较好，大幅减轻了用户冬季取暖的支出成本压力，为我国受经济条件限制不具备其他清洁取暖形式的北方农村地区燃煤清洁取暖工作提供了有效解决方案。

The adoption of clean briquette heating technology with low-emission and low-cost technology path is one of the effective measures to achieve clean heating in underdeveloped rural areas of China, which can effectively solve the environmental pollution problems brought about by the burning of raw coal for heating. The emission reduction potential and economy of the two new types of civil square honeycomb briquettes when used with stoves specifically designed for them were evaluated. The results show that the emission factors of PM2.5 based on unit fuel mass of anthracite square honeycomb briquette and bituminous square honeycomb briquette are 0.09 and 0.43 g/kg, CO emission factors are 51.61 and 38.35 g/kg, NOx emission factors are 0.72 and 0.63 g/kg, respectively. Compared with raw coal, the anthracite square honeycomb briquette and the bituminous square honeycomb briquette reduce 96.16% and 81.64% of PM2.5, 85.15% and 88.97% of CO, and 53.25% and 59.09% of NOx, respectively. The sulfur fixation rate of anthracite square honeycomb briquette, bituminous square honeycomb briquette and raw coal are 61.55%, 70.76% and 20.93%, respectively. The square honeycomb briquettes produces lower PM2.5, CO and NOx emissions than raw coal, and has better sulfur fixation effect, which can effectively reduce SO2 emission. The emission reduction potential of the honeycomb briquettes is not only affected by the fuel properties, but also by the stove parameters such as feed mode, combustion mode, and air supply system. From an economic standpoint, the heating costs of using these honeycomb briquettes are comparable to that of using raw coal, primarily due to the wide range of raw materials available for their production bringing down their costs considerably. The combination of square honeycomb briquette and its special stoves has the advantages of stable combustion, high combustion efficiency and good emission reduction effect, which greatly reduces the cost pressure of users′ heating in winter, and provides an effective solution for the coal-fired clean heating work in the northern rural areas of China that do not have other clean heating forms due to economic conditions.

0 引言

1 试验

   1.1 测试燃料与炉具

   1.2 样品采集与检测

   1.3 试验指标

2 结果与讨论

   2.1 污染物排放特征

   2.2 污染排放影响因素分析

   2.3 经济性分析

3 结论