Review and prospect of coal rock hydraulic fracturing physical experimental research
LI Quangui , DENG Yize , HU Qianting , WU Xiaobin , WANG Xiaoguang , JIANG Zhizhong , LIU Le , QIAN Yanan , SONG Mingyang
重庆大学 煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室重庆大学 资源与安全学院重庆交通大学 土木工程学院贵州大学 矿业学院中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司
水力压裂物理模拟是对压裂过程中裂隙演化及其动力学过程的近似再现,成为了煤岩压裂树理研究的重要手段。相似理论是现场原型与试验模型转换的理论基础,试验装置和相似材料是物理模拟试验的物质前提,监测方法及检测技术是评价水力压裂致裂效果的关键部分,从以上了点对水力压裂物理试验的相似理论发展、试验材料和装置的演变、常用监测检测方法的特点和适用范围等方面进行了总结。分析认为:水力压裂的相似准则已经初步成形,但需要结合煤岩物理力学特性进一步修正,并利用数值模拟手段探究相似准则推导中忽略的次要因素影响程度,提高经验方程的可靠性与适用性;针对煤岩的多种物理力学性质,现阶段已得出许多相似材料的经验配比方程,但仍需要一套详尽的配比试验规范及大量试验尝试,提升试验的可重复性,以建立更具普适化的相似材料配比经验方程数据库;压裂装置正向着模拟条件更多、模拟范围更广、模拟尺度更大的多场耦合方向发展,压裂方法也随着工程应用逐渐多样化,但压裂装置三轴加载精度有待进一步提高,以保证高应力条件下压裂试验的有效进行,降低试验操作对最终结果的影响;监测方法与检测技术对水力压裂致裂效果的评价各有优势,相似材料对监测方法与检测技术的有效性与准确性也影响显如何依据试验需求确定适合的相似材料、合理地选择和结合监测方法与检测技术,是应对微细观结构研究需求的关键。
Physical simulation of hydraulic fracturing is an approximate representation of fracture evolution and its dynamic process, which represents an important direction of fracture evolution research. Similarity theory is the theoretical basis of the transformation between field prototype and experimental model. Test equipment and similar materials are the material premise of physical simulation experiment. Monitoring and detection technology is the key part to evaluate the fracturing effect of hydraulic fracturing. This paper summarizes the development of similarity theory of hydraulic fracturing physical experiments, the evolution of experimental materials and devices,and the characteristics and application scope of common monitoring and detection methods from the above three aspects. The analysis shows that: the similarity criterion of hydraulic fracturing has been preliminarily formed, but it needs to be further modified according to the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock. Numerical simulation method can be used to explore the influence degree of minor factors ignored in the derivation of similarity criterion, so as to improve the reliability and applicability of the empirical equation. In view of various physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock, many empirical formula equations of similar materials have been obtained at present, but a set of detailed experimental specification and a large number of experimental attempts are still needed to improve the repeatability of the experiments, so as to establish a more universal database of empirical equations of similar material matching. Fracturing devices are developing towards the direction of multi-field coupling with more simulation conditions, larger simulation scale and wider simulation range, and fracturing methods are gradually diversified with engineering applications. However, the accuracy of triaxial loading of fracturing devices needs to be further improved to ensure effective fracturing experiments under high stress conditions, and reduce the impact of experimental operations on the final results. Monitoring methods and detection technologies have their own advantages in evaluating the fracturing effect of hydraulic fracturing, and similar materials also have a significant impact on the effectiveness and accuracy of monitoring methods and detection technologies. How to rationally select and combine monitoring methods and detection technologies based on experiments is the key to meet the research needs of micro-structures.
coal rock hydraulic fracturing; physical simulation experiment; similarity principle; similar materials
主办单位:煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 中国煤炭学会学术期刊工作委员会