School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology
State Key Laboratory of Coal Resource and Safe Mining, ChinaUniversity of Mining and Technology
Institute of Rock Burst Roadway Support Research, China University of Mining and Tech-nology
Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo
Shaanxi Binchang Hujiahe MiningCo., Ltd.

针对特厚煤层巷道围岩冲击破坏严重等问题,基于弹性力学与冲击动力学,研究了特厚煤层巷道冲击破坏机理,揭示了顶煤破坏主控影响因素,分析了动载应力波传播过程及巷道围岩支护体系动力响应特征,确定了特厚煤层巷道围岩抗冲支护技术。研究发现:巷道顶煤岩梁冲击破坏程度与围岩静载集中应力、冲击震源强度和岩梁长度成正比,与应力波传播距离、岩梁厚度及强度成反比;冲击动载应力波传播过程分为应力起始振动期、应力波动期和应力调整期;应力起始振动期巷道围岩表面质点开始振动,锚杆索出现预卸压,应力波动期巷道围岩破坏加剧,锚杆索产生一定损伤,应力调整期巷道围岩趋向于稳定,锚杆索轴力也趋向于稳定值;随着冲击动载强度增大,巷道围岩质点振动速度、位移增量和加速度呈指数关系增长;巷道围岩临界冲击能量为 105 J,大于临界冲击能量,巷道围岩动力破坏加剧,锚杆索损伤增大;采用全锚索梯次让压支护技术,巷道可形成浅表深锚高预应力层与深部梯次让压协同支护层,增强巷道顶煤岩梁强度及厚度,降低锚索冲击动载损伤值,提升巷道围岩抗冲性能。工程应用表明,采用全锚索梯次让压支护技术,巷道围岩裂隙发育深度降低 50.47%~55.42%,变形量降低 52.89%~68.78%,锚杆索损伤降低,巷道围岩稳定性显著提升。

In view of the serious shock failure of roadway in extra thick coal seam, based on elastic mechanics and shockdynamics, this paper studies the shock failure mechanism of roadway in extra-thick coal seam, reveals the main influencing factors of roof coal failure, analyzes the propagation process of dynamic load stress wave and the dynamic responsecharacteristics of roadway surrounding rock and support system, and determines the effective anti-impact support techno-logy of roadway surrounding rock in extra thick coal seam. It is found that the impact damage degree of the roadway roofis directly proportional to the static concentrated stress, the intensity of the shock source and the length of the roof coalrock beam, and inversely proportional to the propagation distance of the stress wave, the thickness and strength of the roofcoal rock beam. The stress wave propagation process under shock dynamic load can be divided into stress initial vibrationperiod, stress fluctuation period and stress adjustment period. During the stress initial vibration period, the particles on thesurrounding rock surface of the roadway begin to vibrate, the pretension of the anchor cables is reduced. During the stressfluctuation period, the surrounding rock of the roadway becomes more damaged, the anchor cable appears to be damaged.During the stress adjustment period, the surrounding rock of the roadway tends to be stable, and the axial force of the an-chor cable also tends to be stable. With the increase of shock dynamic load strength, the particle vibration velocity, dis-placement increment and acceleration of surrounding rock increase exponentially. The critical shock energy of roadwaysurrounding rock is 105 J, above which the damage to the roadway surrounding rock and anchor cable is aggravated. Byadopting the full anchor cable multi-length yielding support technology, the roadway can form a shallow deep anchor highprestress layer and a deep multi-length yielding support layer, which can enhance the strength and thickness of the roofcoal rock beam, reduce the dynamic load damage value of the anchor cable, and improve the impact resistance of the road-way surrounding rock. The engineering application shows that the development depth of cracks in the surrounding rock ofthe roadway is reduced by 50.47%−55.42%, the deformation is reduced by 52.89%−68.78%, the damage value of the an-chor cable is reduced, and the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway is significantly improved by using the fullanchor cable multi-length yielding support technology.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51564044);华能集团总部科技项目——能源安全技术专项资助项目(HNKJ20-H87);江苏省研究生科研创新计划资助项目(KYCX21_2365)

高明仕,徐东,王海川,等. 特厚煤层巷道冲击破坏机理及全锚索支护技术[J]. 煤炭学报,2023,48(5):1943−1956.

GAO Mingshi,XU Dong,WANG Haichuan,et al. Shock failure mechanism of roadway in extra thick coalseam and full anchor cable support technology[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2023,48(5):1943−1956.