煤矿冲击地压灾害的频繁发生与复杂地质构造失稳关系密切，其中断层作为典型的地质构造是诱发冲击动力灾害的重要因素。推导了表征断层滑动特征的位移场和能量场的分布函数，并以河南义马矿区地质构造及千秋煤矿21221工作面为工程背景，搭建了模拟工作面开采过程和断层滑动的物理模型，监测了上覆岩层和断层区域位移、能量和温度等多参量演化规律，研究了断层覆岩失稳突变效应，探讨了开采扰动引起上覆岩层运动和断层滑移失稳关联耦合的力学机制。研究结果显示，开采扰动下，断层面上应力、位移及能量等参量极值点出现频率沿断层垂直方向从上到下呈现由密至疏的分布，断层面上部岩体较下部更易受到采动影响而处于非稳定状态，是断层滑动的主要动力源；断层滑动是一个由上到下、由局部到整体、先低能后高能的逐步加速且非连续的动态失稳过程，并伴随应变能依次表现出低能稳定、逐步积聚和高能活化3种状态，最大应变能增量出现于断层面上部，应变能的大量释放将加速断层自上而下的失稳滑移；断层面滑动过程中，岩体温度也随之呈现出阶次递增的特征，表现为微小扰动时的恒温阶段、应力积聚引起的局部上升阶段和滑动失稳引起的全域温度激增阶段；断层的非线性和非连续动态失稳现象与工作面上覆岩层的运动和垮落破断关系密切，基于开采扰动时上覆岩层运动和断层滑动之间发生的关联耦合响应，研究了断层覆岩耦合失稳的突变效应，具体表现为断层附近岩层压力的突增、断层面应力的剧烈变化、断层面位移加速变化并向下部发展、应变能大幅度频繁波动以及温度场的阶次递增。研究表明，覆岩垮落为断层的非稳态滑移施加了冲击载荷，应变能突然释放造成的断层严重滑移失稳也将对已经受过变形、遭受过破坏的上覆岩层带来二次剧烈冲击并发生大面积垮落，产生的卸荷作用为断层向该区域运移提供了附加空间，更加速了断层的滑移失稳和上覆岩层的垮落破坏，极易诱发冲击地压灾害。

The frequent occurrence of coal burst in coal mines is closely related to the destabilization of complex geological formations, and the fault as a typical geological structure is an important factor in inducing dynamic coal burst disaster. In this study, the distribution function solutions of displacement and energy fields characterizing fault sliding were derived. Under the engineering background of geological structure of the Yima mine area in Henan Province and the mining face 21221 of the Qianqiu coal mine, a physical model to simulate the mining process and fault sliding of the mining face was built. The multi-parameter evolution law of displacement, energy, and temperature of the overburden rock strata and fault area were monitored, and the mutation effect of fault and overburden rock strata instability was investigated. In addition, the mechanical mechanism of the association and coupling of overburden rock strata movement and fault slip instability caused by mining disturbance was discussed. The results show that the frequency of extreme value points of stress, displacement, and energy parameters on the fault surface under the mining disturbance presents a dense to sparse distribution from top to bottom along the vertical direction of the fault. In the meantime, the upper part of the fault surface in a non-stable state is more susceptible to the influence of mining than the lower part, which is the main power source of fault sliding. Fault sliding is a top-to-bottom, local-to-whole, low-energy followed by high-energy, gradually accelerated and discontinuous dynamic destabilization process, which is accompanied by three strain energy states of low-energy stability, gradual accumulation, and high-energy activation. The maximum strain energy increment appears in the upper part of the fault surface, and the massive release of strain energy will accelerate the top-to-bottom destabilization of the fault slip. During the sliding process of the fault surface, the temperature also shows the characteristics of stepwise increase, which is manifested as the constant temperature stage during the small disturbance, the local rising stage caused by the stress accumulation, and the global temperature surge stage caused by the sliding instability. The nonlinear and discontinuous dynamic instability of the fault is closely related to the movement and collapse of the overlying rock layer on the working face. The mutation effect of the coupled instability of the fault and overburden rock strata was studied based on the correlated coupling response between the movement of overburden rock strata and the fault sliding during the mining disturbance. It is manifested by the sudden increase of the overburden rock strata pressure near the fault, the drastic change of the stress on the fault surface, the accelerated change of the fault displacement and its development to the lower part, the large and frequent fluctuation of the strain energy, and the order increment of the temperature field. The studies indicate that the overburden rock strata collapse imposes impact loads on the unsteady slip of the fault, and the fault serious slip instability caused by the strain energy sudden release will also bring a secondary violent impact to the deformed and damaged overburden rock strata and cause a large area collapse. The resulting unloading effect provides additional space for the fault to move into the region, which further accelerates the slip instability of fault and the collapse of overburden rock strata, and easily induces coal burst disaster.