随着工业的发展,环保和健康问题被日益重视。燃煤电厂是大气污染物的主要人为排放源之一,目前,我国针对粉尘、SO2、NOx等常规污染物的控制已达到国际领先水平。同时,针对燃煤过程产生的非常规污染物(PM2.5、重金属、汞、SO3、VOCs等)的排放控制成为当下研究的热点和难点。基于燃煤电厂非常规污染物的生成与排放特征,分析了当前尾部烟气净化装置和各种非常规污染物控制技术的优缺点及面临的挑战。针对5种典型的燃煤非常规污染物排放控制现状进行论述。首先,从多种团聚技术角度分析了煤燃烧PM2.5排放控制现状;第二,从燃烧前、燃烧中和燃烧后3个角度分析了重金属排放控制现状,并阐述了异相凝并技术治理燃煤重金属污染的优势;第三,从碳基和非碳基吸附剂角度分析了汞排放控制现状,并强调了磁珠脱汞技术治理燃煤汞排放的示范效果;第四,从碱基吸附剂、化学团聚和非碱基吸附剂等角度分析了SO3排放控制现状,并突出了非碱基吸附剂高温磺化脱除SO3的创新性;第五,从尾部烟气净化装置和活性炭喷射技术角度分析了VOCs排放控制现状。此外,针对我国非常规污染物控制现状,提出适宜的污染物协同脱除方法,为今后燃煤电厂多污染物协同脱除技术的应用提供参考。

With the development of industry, people are increasingly concerned about environmental protection and health issues. Coalfired power plants are one of the main anthropogenic sources of atmospheric pollutants. Currently, China′s control of conventional pollutants such as dust, SO2, and NOx has reached international leading levels. At the same time, the control of unconventional pollutants generated during the coal combustion process, such as PM2.5, heavy metals, mercury, SO3, and VOCs, has become a hot and challenging research topic. Based on the characteristics of the generation and emission of unconventional pollutants in coal-fired power plants, the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of current air pollutant control devices (APCDs) and various unconventional pollutant controltechnologies were analyzed. Specifically, the current situation of controlling the emission of five typical unconventional pollutants from coalfired power was discussed. Firstly, the current status of PM2.5 emission control during coal combustion was analyzed from the perspective ofvarious agglomeration technologies. Secondly, the current status of heavy metal emission control was analyzed from three perspectives: before combustion, during combustion, and after combustion, and the advantages of heterogeneous agglomeration technology in treatingheavy metal pollution from coal-fired power were elaborated. Thirdly, the current status of mercury emission control was analyzed from theperspectives of carbon based and non carbon based adsorbents, and the demonstration effect of magnetospheres mercury removal technologyin controlling mercury emissions from coal combustion was emphasized. Fourthly, the current status of SO3 emission control was analyzedfrom the perspectives of alkaline adsorbents, chemical agglomeration, and non alkaline adsorbents, highlighting the innovation of hightemperature Sulfonation-based SO3 removal. Fifthly, the current status of VOCs emission control was analyzed from the perspectives of tailgas purification devices and activated carbon injection technology. In addition, considering the current status of unconventional pollutantcontrol in China, suitable methods for synergistic removal of pollutants were proposed, providing a reference for the future application ofmulti-pollutant synergistic removal technologies in coal-fired power plants.

0 引言

1 煤燃烧PM2.5排放控制

   1.1 PM2.5声波团聚

   1.2 PM2.5湍流团聚

   1.3 PM2.5化学团聚

2 煤燃烧重金属排放控制

   2.1 燃烧前重金属控制

   2.2 燃烧中重金属控制

   2.3 燃烧后重金属控制

   2.4 重金属异相凝并技术

3 煤燃烧汞的排放控制

   3.1 烟气净化装置协同脱汞

   3.2 碳基吸附剂脱汞

   3.3 非碳基吸附剂脱汞

   3.4 磁珠脱汞

4 煤燃烧SO3的排放控制

   4.1 碱基吸附剂喷射脱除SO3

   4.2 尾部烟气净化装置协同脱除SO3

   4.3 化学团聚技术脱除SO3

   4.4 非碱基吸附剂SO3高温磺化脱除

5 煤燃烧VOCs的排放控制

6 结语