水源涵养修复与保护一直是露天矿从开采到闭坑后全生命周期治理和生态环境保护中的薄弱环节，涉及高寒冻土区复杂背景下多学科、多圈层环境下更为错综复杂的水问题，其中相互联动水文过程的分析研究更是巨大挑战。在分析自然环境及高寒冻土环境下水传输涵养的影响因素和矿山开采活动对水传输涵养影响的基础上，从不同形式和环境圈层中水的相互交织传输过程，重点分析在自然环境、露天矿生产活动破坏影响和人工修复保护3种情形下的水传输涵养机理。基于全面联系分析查找问题的思路和综合系统治理的原则，提出了水传输涵养系统的概念，并从3个基本构架提出了露天矿水传输涵养系统模式构建：①从治理区到与自然水系联通的20余种组合模式及不同类型对象基本适用条件，提出了地表水系联通搭接顶层系统构建；②按照近似原位涵养、汇水传输、过水传输、输排通道等功能单元定位，从生态截排水沟、不同截排水沟空间展布样式和输排水骨干网、汇水支网、功能单元分区提出生态截排水网络构建；③从微地貌整形、地表毛细沟网络和垂向上多元生态地质层重构理念支撑原位水源涵养系统重构的底层设计。基于以上研究，以5号井为例将其规划建造成10个功能单元分区，实现分区引导下地表水补径排汇空间分布的重新调整分配，最终形成5号井新的地表水传输涵养系统。研究旨在为高寒冻土区露天矿水的修复保护工作提供新的系统思路和方法支撑。

Water conservation restoration and protection has always been a weak link in the whole life cycle management and ecological environmental protection from open-pit mining to pit closure, which involves more complex water problems in the complex environment of multidisciplinary and multi-circle environments in alpine permafrost areas, among which the analysis and research of interconnected hydrological processes is a huge challenge. On the basis of a brief analysis of the influencing factors of water transport and conservation in the natural environment and alpine permafrost environment and the impact of mining activities on water transport and conservation, this paper focuses on the analysis of the water transport and conservation mechanism in three cases: the impact of water transmission and conservation in the natural environment, the damage impact of open-pit mine production activities, and artificial restoration and protection.Based on the idea of comprehensive contact analysis and problem finding and the principle of comprehensive system governance, the concept of water transmission and conservation system is proposed, and the model construction of open-pit mine water transmission and conservation system is proposed from three basic frameworks: ① from the treatment area to more than 20 combination modes connected with natural water systems and the basic applicable conditions of different types of objects, the construction of surface water system connection and overlapping top-level system is proposed; ② According to the positioning of functional units such as approximate in-situ conservation, catchment transmission, water transmission, and transmission and drainage channels, the construction of ecological interception and drainage network was proposed from the spatial distribution style of ecological interception and drainage ditches, different interception and drainage ditches, and the partitioning of water transmission and drainage backbone network, catchment branch network, and functional units. ③ The underlying design of the in-situ water conservation system reconstruction is supported by the concepts of micro-geomorphic shaping, surface capillary network and vertical multi-ecological geological layer reconstruction. Based on the above research, taking Well No. 5 as an example, it is planned to be divided into 10 functional units, so as to realize the readjustment and distribution of the spatial distribution of surface water recharge and discharge under the guidance of zoning, and finally form a new surface water transmission and conservation system of Well No. 5. The purpose of this study is to provide a new systematic thought and method support for the restoration and protection of open pit in the high frozen soil area.