Research Department of Energy and Eco-Environment, Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute

随着碳达峰、碳中和战略的深入实施,光伏、风电等新能源呈现出超常规、跨越式的发展态势。储能可以提升新能源的并网和消纳能力,成为支撑光伏和风电大规模发展的重要技术手段。在各种储能技术中,抽水蓄能是一种技术成熟、经济性优越、具有大规模开发条件的储能技术,已成为构建新型电力系统的关键要素。近年来,我国抽水蓄能电站加快了发展速度,无论是已建成的还是在建的电站规模均居世界首位。由于抽水蓄能电站运行过程中存在能量损失,按照现行统计考核制度,这部分能耗主要计入项目所在地,将对地方的能耗双控工作产生不利影响。本研究在分析抽水蓄能电站能耗来源基础上,详细分析了当前典型容量抽水蓄能电站的能耗强度和总量,以及统计考核机制的情况和存在的问题,并对不同考核方案进行利弊分析。最终,基于抽水蓄能电站的功能定位和服务对象,按照“谁受益,谁承担”原则,提出了优化抽水蓄能电站能耗考核机制的政策建议,对促进抽水蓄能电站可持续发展具有现实意义,同时为新型储能电站规模化发展中面临的能耗管理问题提供借鉴参考。

With the widespread adoption of the carbon peak and carbon neutral strategy, photovoltaic,wind power, and other new energy sources have experienced a rapid development trend. Energy storagetechnology plays a crucial role in supporting their large-scale development, by facilitating their integra-tions into the grid. Pumped storage, as a mature and cost-effective energy storage technology that ishighly customizable, has become a key alternative in constructing a new power system. In recent years,China has accelerated the development of pumped storage power stations, leading the world in both thenumber of operational pumped storage power stations and those under construction projects. However,operating pumped storage power stations results in energy losses. Under the current statisticalassessment system, this energy consumption is primarily attributed to the project location, impeding lo-cal efforts in controlling energy consumption. Based on an analysis of the sources of energy consumptionin pumped storage power stations, this study provides a detailed examination of the energy consumptionintensity and overall performance of typical capacity pumped storage power stations, as well as the ex-isting statistical assessment mechanisms and associated issues. Various assessment schemes are analyzedfor their pros and cons. Finally, considering the functional positioning and beneficiaries of pumped stor-age power stations, this paper proposes policy recommendations to optimize the evaluation mechanismfor energy consumption in pumped storage power stations, adhering to the principle of " who benefits,who bears the burden" . These suggestions not only promote the sustainable development of pumpedstorage power stations but also serve as a reference for managing energy consumption in the large-scaledevelopment of new energy storage technologies.

浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2022C03154)

周旭健,马攀,陈丽君,等.抽水蓄能电站能耗管理机制研究及政策建议[J].能源环境保护,2024,38(3):145-151.

ZHOU Xujian, MA Pan, CHEN Lijun, et al. Research and policy recommendations on energy consumption man-agement mechanism of pumped storage power station[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2024, 38(3): 145-151.