不规则的开采空间结构可增大煤矿冲击地压危险，研究多煤层复杂开采空间结构下工作面冲击机制对煤炭资源安全采出具有重要意义。综合采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场监测等方法，研究了某矿井W1123综放工作面的动静载分布特征，分析了冲击显现机制，提出了针对性的防冲措施并进行现场应用。结果表明，上覆刀把形采空区和厚硬顶板综合作用下W1123工作面动静载分布具有区域性特征，当工作面仅受到刀把形采空区的“刀柄”作用或同时受“刀柄”和“刀身”作用时，工作面中下部和区段煤柱静载集中、动载扰动剧烈，工作面回风巷围岩也存在动静载集中，且距离刀把形采空边界越近则围岩动静载越高；仅受“刀身”作用时，工作面回风巷围岩静载集中受动载扰动。工作面静载集中区和动载扰动区重合，动静载叠加造成冲击显现。依据刀把形采空区结构特征，W1123工作面回采期间冲击类型依次为强动载型、高静载强动载型、高静载型。数值模拟和现场监测揭示的冲击危险区与理论分析结果一致。针对W1123工作面静动载分布特征，优化设计了冲击地压防治措施，增大了厚硬顶板处理高度和破碎程度、增加了工作面运输巷煤体爆破和煤柱切顶以降低顶板和煤体应力和能量集中；优化措施实施后，工作面微震事件日均能量总体下降54%，大能量事件大幅减少，冲击地压危险显著降低。该研究结果可为相似条件矿井的冲击地压防治提供借鉴。

Irregular upper gobs may increase the risk of rock burst incidents in coal mines. Investigating the rock burst mechanism in the complex mining spatial structure of multi-seam rock bursts is essential for ensuring the safe extraction of coal resources. This study investigated the distribution characteristics of static and dynamic loads on the W1123 working face through a comprehensive approach utilizing theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on-site monitoring. The mechanism of rock bursts was analyzed and targeted preventive measures were proposed and applied on-site. The results indicated that the coupled effects of the overlying knife-shape-like gob and thick hard roofs exhibited regional characteristics in the distribution of static and dynamic loads beneath the W1123 working face. When the working face was solely influenced by the "handle" effect of the knife-shape-like gob or concurrently affected by both the "handle" and "blade body", the lower part of the working face and the coal pillar experienced concentrated static loads and intense dynamic load disturbances. The surrounding rock in the upper gob also demonstrated concentrated static and dynamic loads, with the proximity to the boundary of the knife-shape-like gob resulting in higher dynamic and static loads. When only affected by the "blade body," the upper surrounding rock of the working face experienced concentrated static loads and was disturbed by dynamic loads. The area of concentrated static loads and dynamic load disturbances in the working face coincided, leading to the manifestation of rock burst from the superposition of dynamic and static loads. Based on the structural characteristics of the knife-shape-like gob, the rock burst types during the mining period of the W1123 working face were sequentially classified as strong dynamic load type, high static load, strong dynamic load type, and high static load type. The risk of rock bursts assessed through on-site monitoring and numerical simulation matched the theoretical analysis outcomes. Rock burst prevention measures were optimized based on the distribution characteristics of static and dynamic loads on the W1123 working face. To mitigate the stress and energy concentration on the roof and coal body, we have enhanced the treatment height and crushing degree of the thick, hard roof while also intensifying coal body blasting and pillar cutting. Following the implementation of these optimized measures, the average event energy released by the surrounding rock of the working face decreased by 54%, and significant energy events were substantially reduced, leading to a significant reduction in the rock burst risk. This study can provide valuable insights for rock burst prevention in mines with irregular upper gobs.