推动我国绿色低碳发展,需要以包含特高压电网在内的新型基础设施作为支撑。然而,肩负支撑绿色发展使命的同时,特高压电网也在日趋严苛的碳排放管理政策环境中承受着巨大的减碳压力。为了帮助特高压电网有的放矢地实现绿色低碳发展,基于全生命周期视角,建立了特高压工程碳排放核算模型;以某特高压工程为实际案例,完成各阶段、各环节层面的碳排放核算,识别特高压工程碳排放结构与时序特征;采用情景分析法,对采取不同减碳途径的情景进行减碳潜力评估。结果显示,案例特高压工程全生命周期碳排放为593万tCO₂e,其中终端使用阶段碳排放最高,为508万tCO₂e,末端回收阶段将实现16万tCO₂e的碳抵消;相比于依赖低碳政策或者全凭自主减碳的情景,混合情景下全生命周期减碳潜力最高,单个特高压工程即可实现全生命周期108万t以上的减碳效果,同时带动全产业链绿色升级。建议提前布局并统筹落实特高压工程各阶段各环节减碳措施,加快特高压主体网架建设进程,在电力结构方面加大可再生能源上网比例,在系统运行方面加速攻克全国范围电力调度难题,促进特高压绿色低碳发展。

Promoting China's green and low-carbon development requires a new type of infrastructure such as the Ultra-high-voltage (UHV) power grid.However, while shouldering the mission of supporting green development, UHV power grids are also under tremendous pressure to reduce carbon emissions under the increasingly stringent carbon management policies.In order to help the UHV power grid realize its own green and low-carbon development, a carbon emission accounting model for UHV projects is established based on the perspective of its whole life cycle.In the case of an UHV project, the carbon emissions of each part are accounted for, the structure and sequence of carbon emissions are identified, and the carbon reduction potential of scenarios with different carbon reduction paths is evaluated using scenario analysis.The results show that the full life cycle carbon emission of the case UHV project is 5.93 million tons of CO₂e, of which the highest carbon emission is 5.08 million tons of CO₂e in the end-use phase, and 160 000 tons of CO₂e will be offset in the end-recovery phase.The mixed scenario has the highest potential for whole-life carbon reduction, compared to scenarios that rely on low-carbon policies or voluntary carbon reduction.A single UHV project can achieve more than 1.08 million tons of carbon reduction in the whole life cycle, and drive the green upgrading of the whole industrial chain.It is proposed to layout in advance and comprehensively implement carbon reduction measures in all stages of the UHV project, accelerate the construction process of the main UHV network framework, increase the proportion of renewable energy feed-in, and accelerate the solving of nationwide power dispatching problems.