我国内蒙古东部和新疆北部草原地区煤炭及地下水资源丰富，煤矿高强度开采形成的采动裂隙易导通强富水含水层，极易引起上覆岩层的地下水系统破坏，更容易发生突水溃砂事故，尤其含水层下综合机械化放顶煤开采的放煤高度难以控制。以特厚煤层上覆含水层系统保护为研究对象，以含水层保护和水砂灾害安全防控为研究目标，研发特厚煤层上覆含水层保护的智能放顶煤关键技术，应用井工煤矿动力突水溃砂防控技术，得出特厚煤层上覆地下水系统保护的根本途径。研发应用一种智能放顶煤技术，包括顶煤运移跟踪系统、多轮记忆放煤方法及系统。基于水文地质条件精细探查、覆岩破坏高度的实测、顶煤采放高度确定，应用多轮记忆放煤智能放顶煤技术，控制采动裂隙带高度。以应用工作面为例，应用水文地质精细探查与钻探验证、覆岩破坏高度获取、智能放顶煤技术后，在工作面回采过程中实现了上覆含水层水砂灾害的安全精准控制，有效保护了煤层上覆强富水含水层。

The grassland areas in eastern Inner Mongolia and northern Xinjiang are rich in coal and groundwater resources. The mining fissures formed by high-intensity coal mining are easy to lead to the strong water-rich aquifer, and it is very easy to cause the destruction of the groundwater system in the overlying strata, the accident of water inrush and sand inrush is easy to happen, especially the height of coal caving is difficult to control in fully mechanized top coal caving mining under aquifer. In this paper, the system protection of overlying aquifer in extra-thick coal seam is taken as the research object, the protection of aquifer and the safety control of water-sand disaster are the research objectives, and the key technology of intelligent caving for overlying aquifer protection in extra-thick coal seam is developed, based on the technology of preventing and controlling water inrush and sand inrush in coal mine, the fundamental way of protecting the groundwater system above the extra-thick coal seam is obtained. An intelligent top-coal caving technology is developed and applied, including top-coal movement tracking system, multi-round memory caving method and system. Based on the precise exploration of hydrogeological conditions, the actual measurement of overburden failure height and the determination of top coal caving height, the intelligent top coal caving technology of multi-round coal caving is applied to Control the height of mining fracture zone. Taking the applied working face as an example, the hydrogeological fine exploration and drilling verification, the acquisition of overburden failure height and the intelligent top-coal caving technology are applied, the safety and precise control of water-sand disaster in overlying aquifer is realized in the process of mining, and the overlying strong water-rich aquifer is effectively protected.