矿震作为矿井采掘活动中的常见动力现象，存在诱发冲击地压、破坏巷道、设备及造成人员伤亡的可能。为掌握深部矿井矿震发生规律及影响机制，并通过采取相应措施降低矿震对深部冲击地压矿井带来的威胁，以核桃峪煤矿大采深条件下的2804掘进工作面为工程背景，对千米采深条件下实体煤巷道掘进期间的矿震发生机制及防治技术进行了研究，通过微震监测和围岩变形监测，分析了巷道掘进期间的矿震响应特征，研究了深埋构造区实体煤巷道在卸荷作用下的矿震发生机制，并就矿震对冲击破坏的诱发过程进行了分析，进而采取相应的防治措施。研究结果表明：核桃峪矿掘进巷道在矿震能量达到104 J以上时，会发生轻度破坏；矿震源自地质构造高应力区掘进时发生卸荷作用，巷道围岩边界形成的高能量压降和高应力差促使围岩能量快速释放；矿震发生后震源本身造成围岩破裂，降低巷道抗冲击能力，且释放能量以矿震波形式向四周传播，在巷道极限平衡区能量叠加，达到其承载阈值时可诱发冲击破坏；针对现场掘进工作面，采用超前长距离钻孔卸压降低巷道开挖时的能量压降，大直径钻孔耗散围岩所积聚能量，同时增加帮锚索数量提高巷道破碎区抗冲击能力，保障工作面安全贯通。

As a commonly seen dynamic phenomenon in mining activities, mine earthquakes may induce rock bursts, damage roadways and equipment and cause casualties, especially in the deep tunnel excavation period, which brings great threat to safety production. In order to grasp the law of occurrence and impact mechanism of deep mine earthquakes, and take corresponding measures to reduce the threat of mine earthquakes to deep rock bursts, the No.2804 tunneling face under the conditions of large mining depth in Hetaoyu Coal Mine was taken as the engineering background. Under the condition of a mining depth of one thousand meters, the occurrence mechanism and prevention technology of mine earthquakes during the excavation of solid coal roadways were studied. Throughmicroseismic monitoring and surrounding rock deformation monitoring, the occurrence and response characteristics of the mine earthquake during the tunneling were analyzed, the mechanism of the mine earthquake under the unloading action of the roadway in the deep buried structural area was studied, and the process of the mine earthquake induced rock burst was analyzed and corresponding prevention and control measures were taken. The research results show that the roadway in Hetaoyu Mine will be slightly damagedwhen the seismic energy of the mine reachesmore than 104 J; the mine quake originates from the unloading of the high-stress area of the geological structure and the high-energy pressure drop formed by the boundary of the roadway. The high stress difference promotes the rapid release of surrounding rock energy; after a mine earthquake, the seismic source itself causes the surrounding rock to rupture, reducing the impact resistance of the roadway, and the released energy spreads around in the form of mine shock waves, and the energy is superimposed in the limit balance area of the roadway, causing impact damage when it exceeds its bearing capacity; for the on-site development face, long-distance borehole pressure relief in advance is adopted to reduce the energy pressure drop during the excavation of the roadway, and large-diameter boreholes dissipate the accumulated energy in the surrounding rock, and increases the side anchor cable to improve the anti-impact capacity of the broken area of the roadway, ensuring the safe penetration of the working face.

0 引言

1 工程概况

2 巷道矿震发生机制

   2.1 矿震发生

   2.2 深埋构造区巷道卸荷作用分析

   2.3 实体煤巷道矿震发生机制

3 巷道围岩的矿震响应特征

   3.1 微震事件分布特征

   3.2 围岩变形及矿震响应特征

   3.3 实体煤巷道矿震诱冲危险性分析

4 掘进冲击地压防治技术

   4.1 构造区超前大直径钻孔

   4.2 帮部大直径钻孔

   4.3 巷道支护参数优化

   4.4 防治效果

5 结论