为揭示露天煤矿排土场复垦区人工植被与矿区外围未扰动的原始植被间的协同演变规律，研究基于Landsat TM/OLI与MODIS卫星遥感数据，结合气象台站观测数据，采用一元线性回归法，分析准格尔矿区1988—2020年的归一化植被指数(NDVI)与植被覆盖度的时序变化，对Landsat卫星热红外波段数据反演得到准格尔矿区自2000年以来的地表温度变化，此外，在ArcGIS平台下计算得到矿区及其周边区域干旱指数的空间分布及时序变化。研究结果表明，33 a来准格尔矿区外围未扰动区域植被覆盖度呈整体上升趋势，由1988年建矿初期的37%上升到2020年的63%，排土场人工植被区面积由1994年首次出现时的15.49 hm²增长到2020年的1 694.86 hm²；矿区5 km缓冲区范围内74.74%的植被得到中度改善；矿区地表温度呈下降趋势，干旱级别由干旱降为正常。综合多项结果表明，准格尔矿区自1988年建矿至今，矿区内部排土场人工生态修复与外围未扰动原始生态环境均得到改善，主要原因是露天煤矿排土场土地复垦与煤炭开采同时进行，随着复垦规模及强度的增大，植被选择与复垦模式更加科学合理，排土场植被随着复垦及演替的进度逐渐与矿区外围未扰动植被区融为一体，矿区植被郁闭度增加及地表温度降低，推断形成区域小气候，从而加速了矿区外围未扰动植被的演替，矿区人工修复生态与外围原始未扰动植被的改善达到协同一致。

In order to reveal the cooperative evolution law between artificial vegetation in the reclamation area of the open-pit coal mine waste dump and undisturbed original vegetation around the mining area, based on Landsat TM/OLI and MODIS satellite remote sensing data, combined with the observation data of meteorological stations, this study adopted the unary linear regression method to analyze the time series changes of NDVI value and vegetation coverage in Jungar Mining Area from 1988 to 2020 and inverted Landsat satellite thermal infrared band data to obtain the surface temperature changes of Jungeer Mining Area since 2000. In addition, the spatial distribution and temporal change of drought index in mining area and its surrounding areas were calculated under ArcGIS platform. The results of the study show that the vegetation coverage in the undisturbed area around Jungar Mining Area shows an overall upward trend in 33 years, from 37% in the early stage of mine construction in 1988 to 63% in 2020. The artificial vegetation area of waste dump has increased from 15.49 hm2 in 1994 to 1 694.86 hm2 in 2020; 74.74% of the vegetation within the 5 km buffer zone of the mining area has been moderately improved; the surface temperature of the mining area showed a downward trend, and the drought level has dropped from drought to normal. Comprehensive results show that since the construction of Jungar Mining Area in 1988, the artificial ecological restoration of waste dump in the mining area and the undisturbed original ecological environment of the surrounding area have been improved. The main reason is that the land reclamation of waste dump in open-pit coal mine and coal mining are carried out at the same time. With the increase of reclamation scale and intensity, the vegetation selection and reclamation modes become more scientific and reasonable. With the progress of reclamation and succession, the vegetation in the waste dump site gradually merges with the undisturbed vegetation area outside the mining area. The vegetation canopy density in the mining area increases and the surface temperature decreases. It is inferred that a regional microclimate is formed, which accelerates the succession of undisturbed vegetation around the mining area. The artificial restoration of the ecology in the mining area and the improvement of the original undisturbed vegetation in the periphery are consistent.

0 引言

1 数据与方法

   1.1 研究区概况

   1.2 数据获取与处理

   1.3 数据处理

2 结果与分析

   2.1 区域气象变化

   2.2 植被空间变化

   2.3 人工植被对周边未扰动植被的影响

3 讨论

4 结论