针对双震相定位中S波初至到时拾取困难的问题，提出了同时使用由基于时频分析的下山比较法（TFA-DC方法）所得P波精确到时与S波峰值到时的双震相定位方法(TD-DL方法)。引入计算发震时刻估计值的双震相目标函数，将其中双震相波速整合为震相传播速度，并与震源坐标一同作为未知量代入粒子群算法中进行计算，以此同TFA-DC方法组成了TD-DL方法。利用TFA-DC方法拾取P波到时与S波到时的特点，结合模型试验下两种单震相与TD-DL方法的定位结果分析，获取了单、双震相定位之间的区别与联系，并论证了该方法提高定位精度的原理。通过对比矿震信号下两种单震相与TD-DL方法在定位精确度与稳定性方面的优劣，对该方法的优越性进行了验证。结果表明：由于S波到时约束信息的增加以及目标函数的最小值趋向作用，TD-DL方法提高了对检波器坐标、双震相到时等已知信息的统合能力，使其定位结果趋于两种单震相定位结果较真实震源误差更小的一方，并且利用TFA-DC方法对于P波与S波拾取到时的偏移关系，在一定程度上抵消了P波、S波单震相计算所得的定位误差，从而达到提高震源反演定位精度的效果；模型试验下TD-DL方法定位误差平均值分别为P波、S波单震相定位的23.9%和18.9%，定位误差标准差分别为P波、S波的50.9%和36.9%，工程数据下TD-DL方法定位误差平均值分别为P波、S波单震相定位的8.1%和12.6%；各坐标轴上坐标可变检波器的个数与定位结果在相应坐标轴上的误差呈负相关关系，高精度定位对检波器空间高密度布置的要求可简化为检波器在各轴对应自由面上的高密度布置。

Aiming at the difficulty of picking up the first arrival time of S wave in double seismic phases location, the double seismic phases location method (the TD-DL method) is proposed, which uses both the accurate arrival time of P wave and the peak arrival time of S wave obtained by the time frequency analysis downhill comparison method (the TFA-DC method). The objective function of double seismic phases is introduced to calculate the estimated value of earthquake occurrence time, and the wave velocity of double seismic phases is integrated into the propagation velocity of seismic phases, which is used as the unknown variables together with the source coordinates in the particle swarm optimization algorithm for calculation. The TD-DL method is composed of the method above and the TFA-DC method. Using the characteristics of the TFA-DC method to pick up P wave arrival time and S wave arrival time, combined with the positioning results of two kinds of single seismic phase and the TD-DL method under model test, the differences and relations between single seismic phase and double seismic phases positioning are obtained, and the principle of improving positioning accuracy by this method is demonstrated. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of single seismic phase and the TD-DL method in positioning accuracy and stability, the superiority of the method is verified. The results show that due to the increase of constraint information of S wave arrival time and the trend of minimum value of objective function, the TD-DL method improves the integration ability of known information such as geophone coordinates and arrival time of double seismic phases, and makes the positioning results tend to the one with smaller error than the real source positioning results of two kinds of single seismic phase, to a certain extent. The positioning error of P wave and S wave single seismic phase calculation is offset, thus the positioning accuracy of source inversion is improved. Under the model test, the average positioning error of the TD-DL method is 23.9% and 18.9% of P wave and S wave single seismic phase positioning respectively, and the standard deviation of positioning error is 50.9% and 36.9% of P wave and S wave respectively. Under the engineering data, the average positioning error of the TD-DL method is 8.1% and 12.6% of P wave and S wave single seismic phase positioning respectively. There is a negative correlation between the number of coordinate changeable geophones on each coordinate axis and the error of positioning results on the corresponding coordinate axis. The requirement of high density geophones for high precision positioning can be simplified as the high density geophones on the corresponding free surface of each axis.

1 微震定位基本原理

   1.1 单震相目标函数

   1.2 双震相目标函数

   1.3 P波和S波到时联合拾取方法

   1.4 粒子群算法

   1.5 TD-DL方法

2 模型试验

   2.1 模型建立

   2.2 监测设备

   2.3 试验过程

   2.4 预先波速分析

3 单双震相定位分析

   3.1 到时拾取

   3.2 单、双震相定位结果分析

   3.3 单、双震相定位误差分析

   3.4 检波器布置对定位精度的影响

4 工程验证

   4.1 到时拾取

   4.2 检波器布置

   4.3 定位结果分析

5 结论