矿山环境正效应开发利用是延伸我国矿业全产业链的战略要求.随着能源结构的优化调整.煤炭在我国一次能源消费占比逐渐降低.面临关闭或已关闭的矿山数量越来越多.为了应对多元化.低碳化.清洁化的能源发展趋势.运用地质学.生态学及系统论等基础理论.从系统科学的角度提出资源化开发利用矿山环境正效应的理念.剖析了矿山环境正效应的内涵.建立了矿山环境正效应开发利用研究的理论框架.根据矿山环境正效应的不同属性.提出了4类正效应开发利用目标.即资源正效应.能源正效应.科普文娱正效应.生态服务正效应,在此基础上.按照[对象-目标-技术-模式"的系统化思维.秉承[目标导向"思路.分析了实现目标的具体途径.梳理了正效应模式在工程应用中所需的常见技术方法.构建了矿山环境正效应开发利用理论模式.以[生态立体农牧业"模式为例.通过内蒙古西部典型生产矿山的正效应开发利用模式实践研究.分析了矿山中赋存的正效应资源与模式技术的可行性.经案例工程实践验证了正效应开发利用理论模式的适宜性.最后.探讨了矿山环境正效应开发利用中面临的挑战和机遇.在能源格局演变和碳中和背景下.分析了矿山环境正效应开发利用与我国资源安全保障战略.资源型城市转型.矿山环境市场化之间的关系和意义.针对如何科学.高效地修复治理和开发利用矿山环境正.负效应并实现矿山的转型升级.提出在矿山环境研究3.0阶段重视推进矿山环境开发式修复治理.以流域为单元开展系统化修复治理.推动矿山环境正效应开发利用示范与工程落地以及数字化.智能化研究.实现我国矿山环境修复治理与开发利用的[双赢"目标.

Developing and utilizing mine environmental positive impacts is a strategy to extend the whole industrial chain of China`s mining industry. To optimize energy structure in China,the proportion of coal in China`s primary energy consumption decreases with an increasing number of closed mines. Based on the theories of geology,ecology,and system theory,the concept of positive environmental impacts (PEI) in mines is put forward,and a theoretical framework on the utilization of PEI is established,being consistent with a diversified,low-carbon,and clean energy system. First of all,according to the different attributes of PEI,four targets for developing the positive impacts are proposed,namely,resource impacts,energy impacts,impacts on science,culture,and recreation,and ecological service impacts. Adhering to the systematic thinking of [Target-Sub-target-Technology-Model",the specific ways to achieve the targets are analyzed,the technical methods required in the engineering application of PEI are sorted out and summarized,and a theoretical model for utilizing PEI is built. Next,taking the [ecological three-dimensional agriculture and animal husbandry" model in a typical production mine in western Inner Mongolia as an example,the feasibility of the positive-impact resources and the technologies endowed in the mine is analyzed through the practical study of the PEI utilization model,and the suitability of the model is verified by engineering practice. Finally,the challenges and opportunities of the utilization of PEI are discussed. In the context of energy pattern evolution and carbon neutrality,developing PEI is closely related to resource security,urban structure transformation,and the policy guarantees in the marketization of the mine environment. To scientifically and efficiently restore,treat and exploit the PEIs and negative environmental impacts (NEIs) in the stage of [mine environment research 3.0",the unit of the watershed,the concept of [developing PEIs while restoring NEIs",as well as digitalization and intelligent research are mentioned for a [win-win" situation of mine environment restoration and management and development and utilization.

1 矿山环境正效应开发利用模式

   1.1 基本原理

   1.2 矿山环境正效应开发利用的目标

   1.3 正效应开发利用模式的技术方法

   1.4 矿山环境正效应开发利用理论模式

2 理论模式的工程应用

   2.1 矿山环境背景

   2.2 [生态立体农牧业"开发利用工程

   2.3 模式效益与讨论

3 机遇与展望

   3.1 正效应对能源格局演变的意义

   3.2 矿山环境保护与治理3.0阶段

   3.3 正效应开发利用示范引导和工程试点

   3.4 矿山环境研究的数字化和智能化转型

4 结语