煤矿关闭后产生不明源头的酸性矿井涌水是困扰矿区生态修复治理的关键问题，由于中国南方煤矿区普遍存在地形条件复杂，矿硐基数大，点多面广等问题，因此开展大面积的地下污染源头识别难度较大。为了在地形复杂地区开展煤矿富水空间调查研究，追溯地表酸性矿井涌水源头，以处于闽西南坳陷带的福建省龙岩市雁石镇历史遗留废弃矿山为例，利用以无人机为载体的半航空瞬变电磁法，以高阻包裹的低电阻率特征为探测目标，以富水区与围岩的电阻率差异特征为参考依据，结合多源数据识别地表以下300 m范围内的含水异常区，分析异常区含水性，划定富水空间的地理位置，为废弃煤矿酸性矿井水治理提供科学依据。分析结果表明：①半航空瞬变电磁探测技术对地下富水空间探测具有较高的敏感性，高阻包裹的低阻异常区可有效反映地下空间的含水性；②研究区内历史采空区分布广泛，但并非所有历史采空区都富水，利用半航空瞬变电磁探测技术及地质剖面共圈定了8处富水采空区、大量近圆形通道富水区及3处断裂带富水区；③研究区内的历史采空区并非地下主要的富水空间，与采空区含水性相比，近圆形通道及断裂带的含水性也普遍较高，因此近圆形通道及断裂带积水区治理对于地表酸性矿井水涌水治理也尤为重要。

Acid mine drainage gushing from unknown source after coal mine closure is the key problem that puzzles the ecological restoration of mining areas. Due to the southern coal mining areas in China generally exist “complex terrain conditions, large mining base, multiple points and wide areas” and other problems, it is difficult to identify large-scale underground pollution sources. In order to investigate and study the water-rich space of coal mines in areas with complex terrain and trace the source of acid mine drainage gushing on the surface, the historical abandoned mine in Yanshi Town, Longyan City, Fujian Province, which is located in the depression zone of southwest Fujian Province was taken as an example. Use the semi-airborne transient electromagnetic method with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, the low resistivity characteristics surrounded by high resistivity for detecting target and according to the resistivity difference between water-rich area and surrounding rock to detect the abnormal water content area within 300 m below the surface with multi-source data, analyze the water content of the abnormal area, and define the geographical location of the water-rich space, provide a scientific basis for the treatment of acid mine drainage in abandoned coal mines. The results show that: ① The semi-airborne transient electromagnetic detection technology has a high sensitivity to the detection of underground water-rich space, and the low-resistivity anomaly area covered by high resistance can effectively reflect the water content of underground space; ② Historical gob areas are widely distributed in the study area, but not all the historical gob areas are water-rich. Using semi-airborne transient electromagnetic detection technology and geological profiles, a total of 8 water-rich areas, a large number of nearly circular water-rich channels and 3 water-rich areas in fault zones are identified; ③ The historical goaf in the study area is not the main underground water-rich space. Compared with the water content of the goaf, the water content of the near-circular tunnel and the waterlogging zone of the fracture zone is also particularly important for the treatment of water gusher in the surface acidic mine.