College of Energy and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology
College of Geology and Environment ,Xi’an U-niversity of Science and Technology
Institute of Mining Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing

干旱区露天矿水资源匮乏,外排土场风力较大、风速过快,导致植物存活率降低,不利于生态修复。为有效解决大风对植物存活率的影响,以红沙泉露天矿为例,利用Fluent软件模拟了在6~10m/s风速条件下外排土场不同挡土墙高度的无风区域大小及变化规律,根据无风区大小,确定外排土场挡土墙最佳高度为2m,考虑挡土墙高度对排土作业的影响,采用1m挡土墙叠加1m防风抑尘网结构。同时,在外排土场设置反向平盘结构,相较于传统水平方向布置平盘,可以有效增大无风区域,减少土壤中水分的蒸发,弱化风沙对植物带来的危害,从而使干旱区外排土场植物的存活率提升。依据大涡模拟,研究了在反向平盘角度为5°、10°、15°和20°的条件下不同风速的无风区范围,确定了外排土场平盘倾斜最佳角度和不同风速条件下反向平盘三级结构的无风区域。结果表明:随着角度的增加,相同速度下无风区域先增大后减小,角度对无风区域的影响不明显;在角度相同的情况下,随着速度增加,无风区域逐渐减小。依据模拟结果发现角度为10°时无风区范围达到最大为2.8m,确定10°为最合适角度,挡土墙加排土场反向设计可以一定程度的增大无风区范围,且起到降低风速的作用,对植物生长有利。反向三级平盘结构中间平盘无风区域较小,最下部平盘无风区域最大,可以在最下部平盘种植较高植物,在中间平盘种植较低长势植物。

The water resources of open-pit mines in arid areas are scarce,and the wind speed in the external dumpingsite is high,which leads to a decrease in plant survival rate and is not conducive to ecological restoration. To effective-ly address the impact of strong winds on plant survival rate,this article takes the Hongshaquan open-pit mine as an ex-ample and uses Fluent software to simulate the size and variation pattern of windless areas at different retainingwall heights in the external dumping site under wind speeds of 6 m/ s to 10 m/ s. Based on the size of the windlessarea,the optimal height of the retaining wall in the external dumping site is determined to be 2 m. Considering the im-pact of the retaining wall height on the dumping operation,a 1m retaining wall combined with a 1m wind and dust sup-pression network structure is adopted. At the same time,setting up a reverse flat plate structure in the external dump-ing site can effectively increase the windless area compared to the traditional horizontal arrangement of flat plates,re-duce the evaporation of water in the soil,weaken the harm of wind and sand to plants,and improve the survival rate ofplants in the arid area of the external dumping site compared to the traditional horizontal layout of flat plates. Based onlarge eddy simulation,the range of windless areas under different wind speeds was studied under the conditions of re-verse flat plate angles of 5°,10°,15°,and 20°. The optimal angle of flat plate inclination in the external dumping siteand the windless area of the third stage structure of reverse flat plate under different wind speed conditions were deter-mined. The results show that as the angle increases,the windless area first increases and then decreases at the samespeed,and the influence of angle on the windless area is not significant;At the same angle,as the speed increases,thewindless area gradually decreases. According to the simulation results,it was found that the maximum range of thewindless area is 2.8 m when the angle is 10°,Determine 10° as the most suitable angle,the reverse design of retainingwalls and dumping sites can to some extent increase the range of windless areas and reduce wind speed,which is bene-ficial for plant growth. The reverse three-level flat plate structure has a smaller windless area in the middle flat plate,and the largest windless area in the bottom flat plate. Higher plants can be planted in the bottom flat plate,while low-er growing plants can be planted in the middle flat plate.

国家重点研发计划专项资助项目(2022YFF1303302)

马力,马宁,王晓民,等.干旱区外排土场反向平盘风蚀作用影响规律数值模拟研究[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(2):81-88.

MA Li,MA Ning,WANG Xiaoming,HU Shengxuan,et al.Numerical simulation of the influence of wind erosiononreverse flat plate of external dump in arid zone[J].Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(2):81-88.