岩石单轴抗压强度是评估岩石力学性质的重要参数, 实时、准确地获取锚杆钻进过程中的岩石单轴抗压强度对于指导巷道顶板支护设计、锚固作业具有重要意义。基于钻锚一体化锚杆和钻臂搭建了钻锚一体化锚杆随钻感知试验系统, 试验系统可实时监测液压系统的液压缸、液压马达及钻箱位移等参数。通过对各参数特性、单一参数及组合参数随岩石强度变化的关系进行分析, 获得钻进单位体积岩石时液压缸、液压马达及系统所做总功与岩石强度的关系, 并对比了各参数的优劣性。研究结果表明: 液压系统单一参数及组合参数与岩石单轴抗压强度有一定的相关性, 部分参数相关性系数较高, 液压缸进油端、回油端拟合函数相关性系数分别为0.8408和0.8497; 钻箱钻进速度随试样单轴抗压强度变化的拟合函数相关性系数最高, 为0.9533; 其次是液压马达做功、系统总功以及液压缸做功, 分别为0.9215、0.8950和0.8552。液压缸回油端压力拟合函数效果最好, 误差率为14.33%, 小于15%; 其次是钻箱钻进速度, 误差率为16.12%, 小于20%; 钻进系统所做总功、液压马达做功、液压缸做功误差率分别为20.73%、21.79%和23.78%, 均小于25%, 预测效果较好。液压马达做功系统做功占主要部分, 平均占比99.22%, 随着岩石强度的增加, 液压马达做功占系统总功逐渐下降。总体来看, 液压缸进油端压力、回油端压力、钻箱钻进速度、液压马达做功、系统总功及液压缸做功随试样单轴抗压强度变化的拟合函数相关性系数较高。研究结果为钻锚一体化快速掘进、巷道围岩稳定性评估、锚杆支护方案优化等提供了依据。

The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rock is a key parameter for evaluating the mechanical properties of rock. Real-time and accurate acquisition of UCS during the rock bolting and drilling process is crucial for guiding roadway roof support design and bolting operations. A drilling-bolting integrated sensing test system was developed using a combined drilling-bolting anchor rod and a drilling arm. This system enables real-time monitoring of parameters from the hydraulic system, including hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor parameters, and the displacement of drilling box. By analyzing the characteristics of each parameter, single and combined parameters as a function of rock strength variation, the study established the correlation between UCS and the work performed by the hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, and the total system on a unit volume of rock during drilling. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the advantages and limitations of each parameter. The results show that single and combined parameters of the hydraulic system are correlated with the UCS of rock. Some parameters demonstrate higher correlation, with the fitting function coefficients for the hydraulic cylinder’s oil inlet and return ends being 0.8408 and 0.8497, respectively. The drilling speed of the drill box exhibits the highest correlation coefficient of 0.953 3 with UCS followed by the work performed by the hydraulic motor (0.9215), total system work (0.8950), and hydraulic cylinder work (0.8552). Among these, the fitting function of hydraulic cylinder return-end pressure achieves the best performance, with an error rate of 14.33%, which is below 15%, followed by the drilling speed of the drill box, with an error rate of 16.12%, less than 20%; The error rate for drill box speed is 16.12%, below 20%, while the error rates for total system work, hydraulic motor work, and hydraulic cylinder work are 20.73%, 21.79%, and 23.78%, respectively all below 25%, indicating reliable predictive performance. The hydraulic motor contributed the majority of the total work performed by the system, with an average contribution of 99.22%. However, as rock strength increases, the proportion of work performed by the hydraulic motor in the total system gradually decreases. The parameters with higher fitting function correlation coefficients include hydraulic cylinder oil inlet and return-end pressures, drill box drilling speed, hydraulic motor work, total system work, and hydraulic cylinder work. These parameters are critical for predicting UCS, which constitutes the core focus of this study. These findings provide valuable references for rapid excavation using integrated drilling and bolting systems, stability evaluation of surrounding rock in roadways, and optimization of bolting support schemes.