煤炭是我国一次能源中最经济、可靠的资源，煤矿智能化是实现煤炭工业高质量发展的核心技术支撑。随着国家发改委、能源局等八部委联合发布《关于加快煤矿智能化发展的指导意见》，煤炭行业供给侧结构改革和高质量发展脚步逐步加快，人工智能、大数据、云计算、工业物联网等新一代信息技术与传统采矿专业深度融合，推动了整个煤炭行业科技发展与工程应用至新的阶段。全面阐述我国自2019年以来智能化煤矿建设最新情况，分析了成功的典型技术与应用案例；详细阐述了煤矿智能化建设顶层架构全方位推动、指引技术进步与实践，构建了煤矿智能化基础理论体系，提出了分类分级智能化煤矿建设路径，基于不同地质煤层条件开展智能化煤矿建设示范工程，并取得了较好的成效；在煤矿智能化基础理论架构方面，提出了智能化煤矿数字逻辑模型与数据推送策略，构建了煤矿巨系统智能化子系统多种类、复杂关联架构与协同机制，通过梳理现有生产系统和生产关系研发基于5G＋新一代智能化系统，形成了坚硬薄煤层大功率高效智能化开采成套技术与装备、“掘锚一体机＋锚运破＋大跨距转载”远程控制智能快速掘进系统成套技术与装备、智能通风系统、井下锂电池驱动人车无人驾驶系统及智能调度系统、固定岗位无人值守系统等；分析了我国煤矿智能化技术发展面临的瓶颈，提出了井下车辆和机器人电动化、井下无线发射功率、5G煤矿应用场景与生态、透明地质模型、智能巨系统兼容协同、连续自动掘进与掘支平行、采煤工作自动调高与调直、无人操作系统常态化运行可靠性、ABCD＋煤矿技术体系、柔性煤炭生产供给体系等十个煤矿智能化技术发展方向及建设路径。

Coal is the most economical and reliable resource in primary energy sources in China, and coal mine intelligence is the core technical support for the high-quality development of the coal industry. With the joint release of the “Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Intelligent Development of Coal Mines” by eight ministries and commissions including the National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Administration, the supply-side structural reform and high-quality development of the coal industry have gradually accelerated. The deep integration of new-generation information technologies,such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, and industrial Internet of Things with traditional mining professions have promoted the development of science and technology and engineering applications in the entire coal industry to a new stage. It systematically explained the latest situation of intelligent coal mine construction in China’s coal industry since 2019, and analyzed some typical successful technologies and application cases, elaborated on the top-level structure of coal mine intelligent construction in an all-round way to promote and guide technological progress and practice, and built the basic theoretical system of coal mine intelligentization, and a classification and hierarchical intelligent coal mine construction path was proposed, and the intelligent coal mine construction demonstration project was carried out based on different geological coal seam conditions, and good results have been achieved; in terms of the basic theoretical framework of coal mine intelligence, the intelligent coal mine digital logic model and data push strategy were proposed, and various types, complex correlation structures and coordination mechanisms of intelligent subsystems of coal mine giant system were constructed by sorting out the existing production system and production relations. The research and development was based on 5G + a new generation of intelligent systems, developing a complete set of technology and equipment for high-power, high-efficiency and intelligent mining of hard coal and thin coal seams, and a complete set of technology and equipment for the remote-controlled intelligent rapid excavation system of “anchor excavation integrated machine + anchor transportation and breaking + long-span transfer” intelligent ventilation system, underground lithium battery-driven unmanned vehicle system and intelligent dispatching system, unattended system for fixed positions, etc. The bottlenecks faced by the development of intelligent technology in coal mines in China were analyzed. It also proposed the electrification of underground vehicles and robots, underground wireless transmission power, 5G coal mine application scenarios and ecology, transparent geological models, compatibility and coordination of intelligent giant systems, continuous automatic excavation and parallel excavation branches, automatic height adjustment and straightening of coal mining as well as the development direction and construction path of ten intelligent coal mine technologies including normalized operation reliability of unmanned operating systems, ABCD(Artificial Intelligence,Blockchain,Cloud computing,big Data)+ coal mine technology system, and flexible coal production and supply system to ensure the smooth implementation of coal mine intelligent construction. 

0 引言

1 我国智能化煤矿建设最新进展情况

   1.1 建立了煤矿智能化基础理论体系

   1.2 初步建立煤矿智能化标准体系

   1.3 提出和实施分类分级智能化煤矿建设路径

   1.4 形成较为成熟的智能化高效开采模式

   1.5 智能化煤矿建设示范取得成效

2 煤矿智能化技术最新研发成果

   2.1 智能化煤矿数字逻辑模型与数据推送策略

   2.2 煤矿巨系统智能化架构与协同机制

   2.3 5G+智能化煤矿系统及应用场景

   2.4 矿井4D-GIS地理信息系统系统

   2.5 1.1 m薄煤层硬煤大功率高效智能化开采成套技术与装备

   2.6 “掘锚一体机+锚运破+大跨距转载”远程控制智能快速掘进系统成套技术与装备

   2.7 智能通风系统

   2.8 井下锂电池驱动人车无人驾驶系统及智能调度系统

   2.9 固定岗位无人值守系统

3 煤矿智能化技术“瓶颈”问题探讨

   3.1 井下车辆和机器人电动化问题

   3.2 井下无线发射功率问题

   3.3 5G煤矿应用场景与生态问题

   3.4 “透明地质模型”问题

   3.5 智能巨系统兼容协同问题

   3.6 连续自动掘进与掘支平行问题

   3.7 采煤工作自动调高与调直问题

   3.8 无人操作系统常态化运行可靠性问题

   3.9 ABCD+煤矿技术体系问题

   3.10 柔性煤炭生产供给体系问题

4 结语