School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology

针对现有无线通信技术在煤矿井下非视距场景中无线盲区覆盖所面临的难题，提出在煤矿井下无线通信系统中引入智能反射面（IRS）实现无线信号覆盖补盲的解决思路。分析了煤矿井下无线覆盖盲区问题的成因，包括封闭的矿井环境特征、普遍存在的非视距场景、发射功率与天线设置的安全约束。然而传统的煤矿井下无线覆盖盲区问题解决方案在硬件部署、维护成本、技术实现等方面存在局限性，无法真正满足矿山具体场景下的安全和高效通信需求。IRS因其低成本、低功耗、易部署和可扩展性等特点，在实现覆盖补盲方面具有性能优势。从硬件结构、辅助的信道模型和典型应用场景（精准定位、信能同传、无人机通信、边缘计算和物理层安全）3个方面介绍了IRS技术。提出了利用IRS技术优化井下无线盲区覆盖：通过在煤矿井下合理部署IRS，减少墙体对主要信号分量的吸收和散射，并利用IRS可调控的反射特性来优化信号的传播，以显著提高信号强度和覆盖范围。指出了IRS技术在煤矿井下无线通信中未来研究方向，包括IRS辅助的覆盖补盲系统的能量管理、基于人工智能的IRS辅助的井下通信、新型IRS技术应用和IRS灵活部署。

The existing wireless communication technologies in wireless blind spot coverage have challenges in non-line-of-sight scenarios in coal mines. In order to solve the above problems, a solution approach is proposed to introduce intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) into the wireless communication system in coal mines to achieve blind compensation of wireless signal coverage. This paper analyzes the causes of wireless coverage blind spots in coal mines, including closed mine environments characteristics, common non-line-of-sight scenarios, and safety constraints on transmission power and antenna settings. However, traditional wireless coverage blind spot solutions for underground coal mines have limitations in hardware deployment, maintenance costs, and technical implementation. They cannot truly meet safe and efficient communication needs of specific mining scenarios. IRS has significant performance advantages in achieving coverage blind compensation due to its low cost, low power consumption, easy deployment, and scalability. This paper introduces IRS technology from three aspects: hardware structure, auxiliary channel model and typical application scenarios (precise positioning, signal and energy simultaneous transmission, UAV communication, edge computing and physical layer security). This paper proposes the use of IRS technology to optimize underground wireless blind spot coverage. By deploying IRS reasonably in coal mines, it reduces the absorption and scattering of main signal components by walls, and utilizes the adjustable reflection characteristics of IRS to optimize signal propagation. It significantly improves signal strength and coverage range. The future research directions of IRS technology in underground wireless communication in coal mines are pointed out. The directions include energy management of IRS-aided coverage and blind compensation systems, IRS-aided underground communication based on artificial intelligence, application of new IRS technology, and flexible deployment of IRS.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（62101557，61771474）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2022M713378）；江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划资助项目（KYCX23_2708）；中国矿业大学研究生创新计划资助项目（2023WLKXJ097）。

0 引言
1 煤矿井下无线覆盖盲区问题及分析
1.1 覆盖盲区问题分析
1.2 传统方法分析
2 IRS技术
2.1 IRS硬件结构
2.2 IRS辅助的信道模型
2.3 典型应用场景研究
2.3.1 精准定位
2.3.2 信能同传
2.3.3 无人机通信
2.3.4 边缘计算
2.3.5 物理层安全
3 IRS优化井下无线覆盖盲区及展望
3.1 IRS优化井下无线覆盖盲区
3.2 未来进一步研究课题
3.2.1 IRS辅助的覆盖补盲系统的能量管理
3.2.2 基于人工智能的IRS辅助的井下通信
3.2.3 新型IRS技术应用和IRS灵活部署
4 结语

李世银，张鹏，闵明慧，等. 智能反射面技术及其在煤矿井下无线盲区覆盖的应用探讨[J]. 工矿自动化，2023，49(6)：112-119.

LI Shiyin, ZHANG Peng, MIN Minghui, et al. Discussion on intelligent reflecting surface technology and its application in wireless blind spot coverage in coal mines[J]. Journal of Mine Automation，2023，49(6)：112-119.