大倾角煤层是我国煤炭资源的主要赋存样式之一。在地域分布上呈现出广泛性与区域性，据不完全统计，全国25个省、自治区、直辖市均涉及该类煤层开采，在中西部地区储量丰富、产量大、生产集中程度高。在赋存条件上呈现出多样性与复杂性，不同区域成煤时期不一，构造控煤过程迥异，形成了多样且复杂的开采条件，催生了不同的开采技术要求。大倾角煤层开采的技术难度大。煤层倾角导致采场围岩运动破坏呈现非对称性显现特征，支护系统稳定性控制与“三机”配套与协同、采准巷道布置与支护、工作面“人−机”环境安全保障等工作的难度显著加剧，严重制约了矿井安全高效开采。大倾角煤层开采的区域经济需求强，该类煤层赋存与生产较集中的区域多见以煤炭工业为主的资源型城市，经济结构相对单一，煤炭资源安全高效开发利用对区域能源保供、民生保障、经济保稳具有兜底作用。长期以来，大倾角煤层开采技术变革聚焦于解决“难”与“需”的矛盾，在采煤方法与工艺、岩层控制理论与技术、成套装备研制与应用3个方面不断完善、创新、发展，实现了由非机械化向机械化开采的转变，安全产效水平大幅提升，人员劳动强度大幅下降，作业环境显著改善。20世纪90年代中期，川煤集团绿水洞煤矿首次成功实现了大倾角中厚煤层长壁综采，冲破了大倾角煤层机械化开采技术“禁区”。在此示范作用下，大倾角厚煤层长壁综放开采、大采高综采、薄煤层伪俯斜长壁综采三项首创性工程实践先后取得成功。这一过程中创新了工作面非线性限位布置与调斜方式，确立了“支架−围岩”系统稳定性多维交互控制模式，研发了工作面成套装备，取得良好收效，综合机械化开采技术适用范围进一步拓宽。与此同时，大倾角煤层开采仍存在许多亟待突破的关键科学问题与技术瓶颈，导致自动化、智能化水平提升与近水平/缓倾斜煤层相较仍存在较大差距。需进一步强化倾斜层状煤系地层煤岩体采动力学行为研究，揭示其对采场围岩灾变的控制机制，并实现量化表征；需进一步阐明岩体承载结构−采场装备群组系统间的多维动态作用过程与规律，完善装备与围岩多维动态多目标协同控制理论与技术基础，实现技术转化应用。在科学问题取得突破的基础上进行采煤方法、回采工艺、岩层控制、成套装备的系统性技术创新与研发，破解大倾角煤层开采安全−产效双提升的制约技术瓶颈，使大倾角煤层综合机械化开采倾角上限在有可靠技术保障的前提下向上延伸（扩展），为实现自动化、智能化开采奠定基础。

The steeply dipping coal seam is one of the main forms of coal storage in China. It is widely and regionally distributed. According to incomplete statistics, twenty-six provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government are involved in the mining of such coal seams, with abundant reserves, large production and high production concentration in the central and western regions. It shows diversity and complexity in terms of the conditions of existence, with different regions having different coal formation periods and different tectonic control processes, forming diverse and complex mining conditions and giving rise to different mining technology requirements. The mining of steeply dipping coal seam is technically difficult. The asymmetry of the movement and damage of the peripheral rock in the mining area affected by the inclination angle of the coal seam is obvious, and the difficulty of the stability control of the support system and equipment, the matching and coordination of the “three machines”, the layout and support of the mining roadway, and the safety guarantee of the “human-machine” environment at the working face has increased significantly, which seriously restricts the safe and efficient mining of the mine. This has seriously restricted the improvement of safe and efficient mining. The regional economic demand for the mining of steeply dipping coal seam is strong. This kind of coal seams and the production of more concentrated areas are mostly seen in the coal industry-based resource cities, the economic structure is relatively single, the safe and efficient development and utilization of coal resources for the regional energy supply, people’s livelihood, economic stability has the role of the bottom of the pocket, the demand is urgent. For a long time, mining technologies for the steeply dipping coal seam changes focus on solving the “difficult” and “need” contradiction. In the coal mining methods and techniques, strata control theory and technology, complete sets of equipment development and application of the three aspects of continuous improvement, innovation, development, to achieve the transformation from non-mechanized to fully-mechanized mining, the level of safety and production efficiency has increased dramatically, the personnel labor intensity has decreased dramatically, and the operating environment has improved significantly. In the mid-1990s, Lvshuidong Coal Mine of Sichuan Coal Industry Group Limited Liability Company successfully realized longwall fully-mechanized mining in steeply dipping coal seam with medium mining height for the first time, breaking through the "forbidden zone" in this filed. Under this demonstration, the three pioneering engineering practices of longwall fully-mechanical mining of steeply dipping coal seam with thick mining height, steeply dipping coal seam with large mining height, and longwall fully-mechanical mining of steeply dipping coal seam with thin mining height in pseudo-inclination have been successful successively, which innovated the non-linear limiting arrangement of the working face and the way of adjusting the slanting, established a multi-dimensional interactive control mode of the system stability of the “bracket-surrounding rock”, and researched and developed the “support and stability and heavy weight, high-strength and light-weight, safe and reliable, and matching synergistic” complete set of equipment of the working face, which has achieved good results, and the scope of application of the comprehensive mechanized mining technology has further been widened. At the same time, there are still many key scientific problems and technical bottlenecks that need to be broken through in the mining of steeply dipping coal seams, resulting in a large gap between the intelligence level and that of the flat/gently inclined coal seams. Research on the mining dynamics of coal and rock bodies in inclined bedded coal beds, revealing their control mechanisms on the disaster of the surrounding rocks in the mining field, and realizing quantitative characterization need to be further strengthened. It is necessary to further clarify the multi-dimensional dynamic process and law between the system of “rock-bearing structure - mining equipment group”, improve the theoretical and technological basis of “multi-dimensional dynamic multi-objective synergistic control of equipment and surrounding rock”, and realize the transformation and application of the technology. On the basis of breakthroughs in scientific issues, we will carry out systematic technological innovation and research and development of coal mining methods, mining techniques, rock formation control, and complete sets of equipment, so as to crack the bottleneck of the constraints on the double enhancement of “safety and efficiency” in the mining of steeply dipping coal seams, and make the upper limit of the inclination of the steeply dipping coal seams for comprehensive mechanized mining extend upward under the prerequisite of reliable technological safeguards, so as to lay the foundation for the realization of automated and intelligent mining.